{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:40:29Z","timestamp":1777750829812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration South London"},{"name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London"},{"name":"the UK Prevention Research Partnership","award":["MR-VO49879\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR-VO49879\/1"]}]},{"name":"UKRI \u2013 Medical Research Council through the DATAMIND HDR UK Mental Health Data Hub","award":["MR\/W014386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W014386"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Associations between employment status and mental health are well-recognised and such associations may have multiple modifying factors which may also contribute to variations in results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate associations between non-employment and CMD subcomponents and the extent of their variation across age groups using nationally representative data in Britain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a series of national mental health surveys of adults living in private households: the British National Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity of 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014. Employment status was the primary exposure of interest. Presence or absence of each fourteen symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), as the primary outcome, was ascertained identically in all surveys from the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Odds ratio for the association between exposure and outcome and population attributional fractions (PAFs) for each association was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the highest-risk 45 to 54\u2009years age group, all odds ratios were statistically significant and strongest associations were observed with panic symptoms (OR\u2009=\u20092.33), followed by depressive symptoms (1.90), worry about physical health (1.84), depression (1.82), forgetfulness (1.82) and somatic symptoms (1.70). In the 55 to 64\u2009years age group, highest population attributable fractions were observed for non-employment as a hypothetical risk factor for panic symptoms (51.7%), phobias (44.2%), forgetfulness (39.5%), depressive symptoms (38.5%), worries about physical health (37.9%) and somatic symptoms (36.0%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The particularly high impact in middle-aged, pre-retirement groups of non-employment on CMD suggests a policy focus on alleviating stressors and providing support for those made redundant and\/or compelled to take unwanted early retirement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640241293351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T06:01:00Z","timestamp":1731564060000},"page":"404-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of non-employment with common mental disorder subcomponents among working age population: Analysis of national data from 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2014"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayan","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3960-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KTDDP","family":"Jayapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mizanur","family":"Khondoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Di Gessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, UK"},{"name":"South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00207640241293351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01941-6"},{"key":"bibr2-00207640241293351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197163"},{"key":"bibr3-00207640241293351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.1.82"},{"key":"bibr4-00207640241293351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2010.07.007"},{"key":"bibr5-00207640241293351","unstructured":"Baker C. 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