{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:41:11Z","timestamp":1777750871893,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homelessness is a deeply ingrained aspect of our culture. It has a detrimental influence on people of all ages\u2019 physical and mental well-being, child development, academic success and the establishment and upkeep of families. Homelessness and mental illness have a reciprocal relationship that makes them two interrelated social issues that affect people\u2019s ability to function and communities all over the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study followed a Quasi-experimental research design \u2013 Pre and Post without control group, conducted in an urban rehabilitation center. A basic random sampling technique was used to select a sample of the respondents. All eligible participants who gave their consent were given the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and a semi-structured interview schedule. Statistics procedures used frequency distribution and inferential statistics such as\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, chi-square and correlation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of the study show that the majority of the respondents (60.00%) were in the age group 20 to 40\u2009years, 73.3% were male, 50% were married, 62.7% had no children and their educational status shows that the majority of them (63.3%) were literate 56.7% were unemployed prior to institutionalisation. The mean percentage of disability of the respondents followed by the intervention (30.9\u2009\u00b1\u200916.4) was found to be significantly lesser than (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911.6,\n                      <jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) their level of disability (52.7\u2009\u00b1\u200917.8) before the psychosocial intervention. A significant negative correlation exists between disability and income (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychosocial intervention plays an essential role in enhancing functionality among homeless persons with mental illness in terms of self-help skills, social skills development, casework, group work, working with family and community and networking with community-based organisations to develop a support system. The present study revealed a significant negative correlation between disability and income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640241306073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T06:29:00Z","timestamp":1734935340000},"page":"794-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention and functionality among homeless persons with mental illness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9614-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K Janaki","family":"Raman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6448-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D","family":"Muralidhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E Aravind","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Venkatasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazel S. Geddes J. R. Kushel M. (2014). The health of homeless people in high-income countries: Descriptive epidemiology health consequences and clinical and policy recommendations. The Lancet 384(9953) 1529\u20131540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)61132-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazel S. Khosla V. Doll H. Geddes J. (2008). The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in Western countries: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PLoS Medicine 5(12) Article e225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guill\u00e9n A. I. Panadero S. V\u00e1zquez J. J. (2021). Disability health and quality of life among homeless women: A follow-up study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 91(4) 569\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ort0000559","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan F. U. Nagavarapu L. S. M K. P. Raj A. Sekhar K. (2019). Homelessness in mental illness: Opportunities & prospects in the Indian context. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 45 28\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.08.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur R. Pathak R. K. (2016). Homelessness and mental health in India. The Lancet Psychiatry 3(6) 500\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2215-0366(16)30050-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lebrun-Harris L. A. Baggett T. P. Jenkins D. M. Sripipatana A. Sharma R. Hayashi A. S. Daly C. A. Ngo-Metzger Q. (2013). Health status and health care experiences among homeless patients in federally supported health centers: Findings from the 2009 patient survey. Health Services Research 48(3) 992\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/14756773.12009","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montgomery A. E. Metraux S. Culhane D. (2013). Rethinking homelessness prevention among persons with serious mental illness. Social Issues and Policy Review 7(1) 58\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-2409.2012.01043.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2409.2012.01043.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onapa H. Sharpley C. F. Bitsika V. McMillan M. E. MacLure K. Smith L. Agnew L. L. (2021). The physical and mental health effects of housing homeless people: A systematic review. Health & Social Care in the Community 30(2) 448\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.13486.","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padgett D. K. (2020). Homelessness housing instability and mental health: making the connections. BJPsych Bulletin 44(5) 197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjb.2020.49","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2020.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pottie K. Kendall C. E. Aubry T. Magwood O. Andermann A. Salvalaggio G. Ponka D. Bloch G. Brcic V. Agbata E. Thavorn K. Hannigan T. Bond A. Crouse S. Goel R. Shoemaker E. Wang J. Z. Mott S. Kaur H. . . .Tugwell P. (2020). Clinical guidelines for homeless and vulnerably housed people and people with lived homelessness experience. Canadian Medical Association Journal 192(10) E240\u2013E254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.190777.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.190777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rider J. V. Selim J. Garcia A. (2021). Health and disability among persons experiencing homelessness. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health 38(1) 49\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0164212x.2021.1975010","DOI":"10.1080\/0164212X.2021.1975010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Rogers J. (2018). Mental health care for the homeless [Doctoral dissertation]. https:\/\/commons.lib.jmu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=edspec201019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schanzer B. Dominguez B. Shrout P. E. Caton C. L. (2007). Homelessness health status and health care use. American Journal of Public Health 97(3) 464\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2005.076190","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.076190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh S. Pal T. Kumar G. (2022). Prevalence of homeless mentally ill patient along with their clinical presentation at government setup in Western Uttar Pradesh State of India. Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences 25(01) 15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55229\/ijbs2022.0304","DOI":"10.55229\/ijbs2022.0304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas E. V. Graybill E. Murray M. (2020). Health equity in populations with disabilities. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/9780826177247.0016","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826177247.0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timms P. (2021). Mental health services for homeless people. In Castaldelli-Maia J. Ventriglio A. Bhugra D. (Eds.) Homelessness and mental health (pp. 291\u2013310). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780198842668.003.0021","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198842668.003.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi A. Nischal A. Dalal P. K. Agarwal V. Agarwal M. Trivedi J. K. Gupta B. Arya A. (2013). Socio-demographic and clinical profile of homeless mentally ill inpatients in a north Indian medical university. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 6(5) 404\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2013.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2013.05.002"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00207640241306073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00207640241306073","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00207640241306073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:55:53Z","timestamp":1777463753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00207640241306073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00207640241306073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640241306073","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7640","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]}}}