{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:27:41Z","timestamp":1786750061803,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ongoing war on Gaza has a devastating impact on Palestinians, particularly on their psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess mental health disorders and coping strategies among Palestinians displaced to Egypt during the 2023 Gaza war.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study included Palestinian refugees older than 18\u2009years. Impact of Event Scale-6, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Coping Strategies Inventory-Short Form were used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and coping mechanisms, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 558 participants, 62.2% were females, with a mean age of 33.91\u2009\u00b1\u200911.84\u2009years. Prevalence rates of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were 37.5%, 94.1%, and 94.8%, respectively. Emotion disengagement was the most adopted coping strategy. Multiple linear regression showed that PTSD was positively associated with being female, anxiety, depression, and the use of problem engagement, problem disengagement, and emotion disengagement coping strategies. Very good financial status and difficulty accessing healthcare were negatively associated with PTSD. Anxiety was associated with older age, being female, difficulty finding a job, war-related injury, PTSD, depression, and problem disengagement, while emotion engagement was protective. Depression was associated with a family history of mental illness, housing difficulties, emotion disengagement, anxiety, and PTSD, while problem engagement and being female were protective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Context-sensitive psychosocial interventions that strengthen coping strategies are essential to alleviate the psychological burden among this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640251414176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:55:28Z","timestamp":1769849728000},"page":"1317-1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental Health Disorders and Coping Strategies Among Palestinian Refugees in Egypt During the 2023 War on Gaza: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9807-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"Fadl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3778-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed","family":"shahtou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERADAH Mental Health Complex, Najran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagar Mostafa","family":"Own","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbassia Psychiatric Hospital, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Abdullatif","family":"Alkasaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5779-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan","family":"Abdel-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rola Mahmoud Abdallah","family":"Tafesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7283-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saja Hasan","family":"Alzaanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham Mohammed Mahmoud","family":"Zourob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Walid Ali","family":"Aljedaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fathi I. A.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2123-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rofaida Gamal","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mary Lou Fulton, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01941-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21040443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph200704040004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00070-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13623699.2024.2411651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2025.31.2.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-023-00286-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1505876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-01019-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2022.100397"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105320977641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"Bocco R. Froehlich F. (2022). UNRWA and the palestine refugees: Challenges for developing a strategic vision. https:\/\/riccardobocco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2022-BOCCO-FROEHLICH.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073914544408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2024.102857"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-014-0433-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.962001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among refugees in Egypt","volume":"99","author":"El-Ghitany E. M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"El-Ghitany E. M., Ashour A., Elrewany E., Farghaly A. G., Shata Z. (2024). Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among refugees in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 99(1), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2025.100535"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.2\/jflory"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-024-00124-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60081228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-025-00226-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Social determinant of mental health in immigrants and refugees: A systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Kemmak A. R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kemmak A. R., Nargesi S., Saniee N. (2021). Social determinant of mental health in immigrants and refugees: A systematic review. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 35, 196.","journal-title":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-024-00627-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30263-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-024-00347-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus R. S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus R. S., Folkman S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30358-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-019-0238-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2024.2403600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22186-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30348-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-015-0336-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.589687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119057840.ch50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.28556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","unstructured":"UNHCR. (2024a). Convention and Protocol Relating to the status of refugees (no date) UNHCR. Retrieved September 24 2024 from https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/media\/convention-and-protocol-relating-status-refugees"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","unstructured":"UNHCR. (2024b). Global Trends Report 2024. Retrieved September 25 from https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/global-trends-report-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (2024). Gaza crossings: Movement of people and goods. Occupied Palestinian Territory. Retrieved June 2025 from https:\/\/www.ochaopt.org\/data\/crossings"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002299"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00207640251414176","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00207640251414176","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00207640251414176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:18:41Z","timestamp":1786749521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00207640251414176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00207640251414176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640251414176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7640","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}}}