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However, the link between depression and mortality across different age and gender groups is inconsistent. This study aims to explore the relationship between depression and all-cause mortality in various age and gender categories within a Spanish national cohort, while also accounting for other influencing factors over an 11-year follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A nationally representative sample of the Spanish adult population (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,582) was followed up for 11\u2009years. Kaplan-Meier estimates, unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to test whether baseline depression and sociodemographic characteristics (educational level, low income, marital status, feelings of loneliness, alcohol and tobacco use, and having chronic conditions) were associated with all-cause mortality for different gender and age-specific groups, separately.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Unadjusted analysis by age and gender indicated that depression had a significant relationship with all-cause mortality in young-and-middle-aged women (HR\u2009=\u20091.75;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and men (18\u201364\u2009years old; HR\u2009=\u20092.96;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and old men (+65; HR\u2009=\u20091.92;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Adjusted analysis by age and gender revealed that depression was only a significant factor for all-cause mortality in men aged 65+ (HR\u2009=\u20091.60;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cause-specific mortality was not examined. Young adults and middle-aged participants were not analyzed separately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The depression and all-cause mortality relationship was found only in +65 men. These differences may be driven by gender-specific factors such as delayed help-seeking, higher levels of social isolation, and the accumulation of chronic comorbidities. Therefore, preventive interventions must prioritize age- and gender-specific strategies to address these risk patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640261430311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T14:39:18Z","timestamp":1774190358000},"page":"1499-1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analyzing the Impact of Depression on All-Cause Mortality in Different Sex and Age Groups: A 11-Year Follow-Up Study of Spanish Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Prada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Cabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco F\u00e9lix","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Dolz-del-Castellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Francia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3252-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Miret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Mar\u00eda","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Dom\u00e8nech-Abella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Ayuso-Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario La Princesa 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