{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:08:34Z","timestamp":1790874514829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loneliness is associated with psychological distress, but whether broader social measures add information is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess incremental information from broader social measures beyond loneliness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study combined cross-sectional data from European Social Survey Round 6 (ESS6; 48,377 respondents, 29 countries), prospective Health and Retirement Study (HRS) intervals, and exploratory Mendelian randomisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In ESS6, loneliness had the largest survey-weighted standardised coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.221 per SD, 95% CI [0.195, 0.246]), 4.3 times the next-largest coefficient. Adding non-loneliness social variables to covariates plus loneliness yielded little cross-validation gain (delta AUC = 0.0058, corrected [0.0004, 0.0111]), whereas adding loneliness to covariates improved AUC by 0.0739 (0.0653, 0.0825). In HRS, baseline loneliness predicted next-wave depressive symptoms after adjustment for baseline symptoms and covariates (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.108, [0.096, 0.120]); relationship strain was the clearest adjacent signal. Exploratory MR suggested that the loneliness-depressive-symptom association may not be unidirectional, but pleiotropy, relaxed reverse instruments, sample overlap and mixed marker findings precluded directional causal interpretation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Loneliness may serve as a benchmark indicator for population research, while broader measures primarily contextualise relational strain and social safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640261487612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:41:35Z","timestamp":1790599295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Loneliness as a Benchmark Social-connection Signal for Psychological Distress: Cross-national, Longitudinal and Genetically Informed Triangulation Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0184-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530.2021.1883409"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2011.00400.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0697"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764018776349"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","volume-title":"Weighting European Social Survey data","author":"European Social Survey","year":"2014","unstructured":"European Social Survey. (2014). Weighting European Social Survey data. ESS ERIC Headquarters, City University London."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520912489"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214502760047131"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007081"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3399889"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","first-page":"1866","article-title":"Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology","volume":"45","author":"Lawlor D. A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lawlor D. A., Tilling K., Davey Smith G. (2016). Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology. International Journal of Epidemiology, 45(6), 1866\u20131886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyw314","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01800-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1392-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024068626366"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05069-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","volume-title":"RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2020 (V2) documentation","author":"RAND Center for the Study of Aging","year":"2023","unstructured":"RAND Center for the Study of Aging. (2023). RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2020 (V2) documentation. 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