{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:28:10Z","timestamp":1777750090190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]],"date-time":"1993-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":730944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A comparison of Type A behaviour pattern, hostility and Typus Melancholicus (TM) was examined in a sample of 228 Japanese and 121 American college students. It was found that: the Japanese students expressed Type A, especially hostility, less strongly than American ones; TM was seen to the same degree in both Japanese and American students; Type A was related to hostility and TM in both groups of students; and compared with American students, the Japanese students displayed the defensiveness more frequently, and there appeared to be a strong relationship between defensiveness and hostility. These results suggest the possibility that hostility, a component element of Type A, is manifested under the influence of defensiveness, which is partially related to a variety of different sociocultural contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002076409303900106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,18]],"date-time":"2007-03-18T04:36:21Z","timestamp":1174192581000},"page":"58-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Comparison of Type a Behaviour Pattern, Hostility and Typus Melancholicus in Japanese and American Students: Effects of Defensiveness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Isao","family":"Fukunishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, 2-1-8 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setouchi Junior College, Kagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Setouchi Junior College, Kagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joichi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuoka Prefecture College, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuoka Prefecture College, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0060667"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1991.tb01644.x"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198505000-00001"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002076409203800402"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199107000-00005"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02678.x"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"51","volume":"13","author":"Miguchi, M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1981.9924348"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198703000-00003"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.4.6.503"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(89)72271-4"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12458-1"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000287994"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198011000-00002"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"90","volume":"12","author":"Yoshimatsu, K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of social Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Social Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002076409303900106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002076409303900106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:54:09Z","timestamp":1777463649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002076409303900106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002076409303900106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002076409303900106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7640","1741-2854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7640","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}}}