{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T19:28:53Z","timestamp":1777750133090,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]],"date-time":"1993-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":754704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Soc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between psychosomatic symptoms and mental well-being among unemployed (N = 132) and employed (N = 187) personnel of two similar wood-processing factories was studied. Mental well-being was measured by means of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-score) and the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-score). The 13-item questionnaire assessing psychosomatic symptoms was used (PS-score). The 33 and 66 percentiles (tertiles) were formed on the basis of PS-score of the two groups separately. The highest PS-score percentile was compared with the combined first and second percentile. Higher PS-score implied impaired mental well-being especially in the unemployed but also in the control group. Insufficient social support and uncertainty about the future was associated with highest PS-score in the study group but not in the control group. High PS-score was associated with subjective mental problems in both groups. Impaired health and PS-score were associated in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our results suggest that unemployment is a powerful external stress factor and that psychosomatic symptoms were associated with impaired mental well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002076409303900403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T11:17:32Z","timestamp":1485343052000},"page":"266-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Impact of Unemployment On Psychosomatic Symptoms and Mental Well-Being"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Heimo","family":"Vnam\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, SF-70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Koskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, PO Box 197, SF-00531 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Niskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, SF-70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002076408803400207"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700049096"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00002.x","volume":"51","author":"Bech, P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"390","volume":"37","author":"Beale, N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(87)90383-2"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"13","volume":"9","author":"Derogatis, L.R.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg, D.P.","year":"1972"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Manual for the General Health Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg, D.P.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg, D.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(88)90200-6"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iversen, L. & Sabroe, S. (1987) Plant closures, unemployment, and health: Danish experience from the declining ship-building industry. In Unemployment, Social Vulnerability, and Health in Europe (eds. D. Schwefel, P.G. Svensson & H. Z\u00f6llner). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 31-47.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83112-6_3"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170001521X"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(84)90200-4"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197503000-00002"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.1.45"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"43","author":"Lahelma, E.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"437","volume":"1","author":"McDougall, J.","year":"1974","journal-title":"International Review of Psychoanalysis"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003662X"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.790570"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000286529"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Statistical Package of the Social Sciences","author":"Spss","year":"1988","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800280023003"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170000502X"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Unemployment and Health: Medical and social consequences of a factory closure in a ten-year controlled follow-up study. 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