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Drawing on theories from clinical and social psychology, we propose a stress-based model of political extremism in which psychological distress\u2014which is largely overlooked in political scholarship\u2014and threat perceptions mediate the relationship between exposure to terrorism and attitudes toward minorities. To test the model, a representative sample of 469 Israeli Jewish respondents was interviewed on three occasions at six-month intervals. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that exposure to terrorism predicted psychological distress (t1), which predicted perceived threat from Palestinian citizens of Israel (t2), which, in turn, predicted exclusionist attitudes toward Palestinian citizens of Israel (t3). These findings provide solid evidence and a mechanism for the hypothesis that terrorism introduces nondemocratic attitudes threatening minority rights. It suggests that psychological distress plays an important role in political decision making and should be incorporated in models drawing upon political psychology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002709333296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,4]],"date-time":"2009-05-04T14:32:47Z","timestamp":1241447567000},"page":"363-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["A New Stress-Based Model of Political Extremism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Daphna","family":"Canetti-Nisim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland, College Park"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Sharvit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stevan E.","family":"Hobfoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences Rush University Medical Center, Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Anxiety buffer disruption theory: The relationship between dissociation, anxiety-buffer functioning, and severity of posttraumatic symptoms","author":"Abdollahi, Abdolhossein","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well","author":"Antonovsky, Aaron.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Amos 6.0 user's guide","author":"Arbuckle, James L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519409539961"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2393203"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0901_5"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Fear's empire: War, terrorism, and democracy","author":"Barber, Benjamin R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.43"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.612"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp2804_4"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0703_6"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1065912907307289"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-1767(03)00014-2"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Statistical abstract of Israel","author":"Central Bureau of Statistics.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Statistical abstract of Israel","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100104"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Nationalistic attitudes and ethnic exclusionism in a comparative perspective","author":"Coenders, Marcel.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00330"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(01)80004-6"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00322"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-006-9014-5"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.3.303"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490060405"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.013"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenberg, Jeff, Tom Pyszczynski, and Sheldon Solomon . 1986. 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