{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T21:32:57Z","timestamp":1782768777586,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Strategies aimed at the prevention of Streptococcus mutans infection and dental caries include mucosal immunization, which results in salivary anti-S. mutans responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal vs. tonsillar immunization with S. mutans antigens in inducing salivary immune responses. Twenty-one adult subjects were immunized twice, within a seven-day interval, with a glucosyltransferase-enriched preparation (E-GTF) administered by nasal or tonsillar topical spray. Parotid saliva, nasal wash, and serum were collected prior to and at one- to two-week intervals for 3 months following immunization and were assayed by ELISA for anti-E-GTF activity. Results were analyzed by means of the mixed-models procedure with p &lt; 0.05 level of significance. Significantly higher anti-E-GTF responses were detected in saliva and nasal wash samples from the group immunized by the nasal compared with the tonsillar route, indicating that nasal immunization was more effective in inducing mucosal responses in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002203450208100111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T04:44:51Z","timestamp":1506660291000},"page":"48-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Humans Immunized with Streptococcus mutans Antigens by Mucosal Routes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"N.K.","family":"Childers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Room 308, 1530 3rd Ave. South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35294-0007"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Room 308, 1530 3rd Ave. South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35294-0007"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Room 308, 1530 3rd Ave. South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35294-0007"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.P.","family":"Dasanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Room 308, 1530 3rd Ave. South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 35294-0007"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Michalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-002203450208100111","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Immunology of the lung and upper respiratory tract.","author":"Brandtzaeg P.","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr2-002203450208100111","first-page":"289","volume":"3","author":"Childers N.K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Reg Immunol"},{"key":"bibr3-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1994.tb00051.x"},{"key":"bibr4-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1997.tb00734.x"},{"key":"bibr5-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.618-623.1999"},{"key":"bibr6-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02212.x"},{"key":"bibr7-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.11.4558-4563.1997"},{"key":"bibr8-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.1.426-428.1999"},{"key":"bibr9-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.725-731.2000"},{"key":"bibr10-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1941-6_17"},{"key":"bibr11-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.3.853-857.1995"},{"key":"bibr12-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000016490"},{"key":"bibr13-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345770560070401"},{"key":"bibr14-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.11.2562-2569.1987"},{"key":"bibr15-002203450208100111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916703"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002203450208100111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002203450208100111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:03:07Z","timestamp":1777496587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002203450208100111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002203450208100111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002203450208100111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}