{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:40:11Z","timestamp":1777812011745,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]],"date-time":"2010-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is a putative therapeutic target for arthritis. We hypothesized that the early pro-inflammatory effects secondary to its activation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are mediated by neurogenic mechanisms. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a high degree of neurons expressing PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in retrogradely labeled trigeminal ganglion neurons. Furthermore, PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    immunoreactivity was observed in the lining layer of the TMJ, co-localizing with the neuronal marker PGP9.5 and substance-P-containing peripheral sensory nerve fibers. The intra-articular injection of PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonists into the TMJ triggered a dose-dependent increase in plasma extravasation, neutrophil influx, and induction of mechanical allodynia. The pharmacological blockade of natural killer 1 (NK\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) receptors abolished PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced plasma extravasation and inhibited neutrophil influx and mechanical allodynia. We conclude that PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    activation is pro-inflammatory in the TMJ, through a neurogenic mechanism involving NK\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors. This suggests that PAR\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is an important component of innate neuro-immune response in the rat TMJ.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510375284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,22]],"date-time":"2010-07-22T22:53:59Z","timestamp":1279839239000},"page":"1123-1128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["PAR\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    and Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Denadai-Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, S\u00e3o Paulo, 05508\u2013900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Cenac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Casatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Ara\u00e7atuba, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.R.","family":"de Souza C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, S\u00e3o Paulo, 05508\u2013900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.M.","family":"Yshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, S\u00e3o Paulo, 05508\u2013900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.P.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, S\u00e3o Paulo, 05508\u2013900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Vergnolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Muscar\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. 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