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Remineralization is defined as the process whereby calcium and phosphate ions are supplied from a source external to the tooth to promote ion deposition into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, to produce net mineral gain. Recently, a range of novel calcium-phosphate-based remineralization delivery systems has been developed for clinical application. These delivery systems include crystalline, unstabilized amorphous, or stabilized amorphous formulations of calcium phosphate. These systems are reviewed, and the technology with the most scientific evidence to support its clinical use is the remineralizing system utilizing casein phosphopeptides to stabilize and deliver bioavailable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions. The recent clinical evidence for this technology is presented and the mechanism of action discussed. Biomimetic approaches to stabilization of bioavailable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions and the localization of these ions to non-cavitated caries lesions for controlled remineralization show promise for the non-invasive management of dental caries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]],"date-time":"2010-08-25T22:39:32Z","timestamp":1282775972000},"page":"1187-1197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":489,"title":["New Approaches to Enhanced Remineralization of Tooth Enamel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"N.J.","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.L.","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.F.","family":"Burrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.C.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bi021 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Victoria 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.4.989S"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Effect of a dental cream containing amorphous calcium phosphate complexes on white spot lesion regression assessed by laser fluorescence","volume":"5","author":"Andersson A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andersson A, Skold-Larsson K, Hallgren A, Petersson LG, Twetman S (2007). 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