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PRRs act as immune sensors that provide immediate cell responses to pathogen invasion or tissue injury. Here, we review the expression of PRRs in human dental pulp cells, namely, receptors from the Toll-like (TLR) and Nod-like NLR families, by which cells recognize bacteria. Particular attention is given to odontoblasts, which are the first cells encountered by pathogens and represent, in the tooth, the first line of defense for the host. Understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the recognition of bacterial pathogens by odontoblasts is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies that aim at preventing excessive pulp inflammation and related deleterious effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511405390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]],"date-time":"2011-06-15T12:18:12Z","timestamp":1308140292000},"page":"296-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Pattern-recognition Receptors in Pulp Defense"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"M.-J.","family":"Staquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Carrouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-F.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires Expanscience, D\u00e9partement Innovation, Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Epernon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Msika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires Expanscience, D\u00e9partement Innovation, Recherche et D\u00e9veloppement, Epernon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.A.","family":"Kufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-C.","family":"Farges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoblastes et R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des Tissus Dentaires, Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034511405390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-019307"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034511405390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092239"},{"key":"bibr3-0022034511405390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005833"},{"key":"bibr4-0022034511405390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.2880"},{"key":"bibr5-0022034511405390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21259"},{"key":"bibr6-0022034511405390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2569"},{"key":"bibr7-0022034511405390","unstructured":"Hamilton IR (2000). 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