{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:51:18Z","timestamp":1777812678190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with negative health outcomes, including infections. Vitamin D modulates inflammation and down-regulates the expression of calprotectin, a molecule which influences neutrophil functions and which has been linked to oral candidiasis (OC), the most prevalent oral lesion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We hypothesized a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and OC, and that this effect was partially modulated by calprotectinemia. Plasma calprotectin and serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were measured in stored samples from 84 HIV-seropositive Chicago women enrolled in the Oral Substudy of the Women\u2019s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). OC and vitamin D deficiency were diagnosed in, respectively, 14 (16.7%) and 46 (54.8%) of those studied. Vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with OC (p = 0.011) and with higher calprotectinemia (p = 0.019) in univariate analysis. After adjustment for CD4, HIV viral load, HIV treatment, and tobacco and heroin\/methadone use, vitamin D deficiency remained a significant predictor of OC (OR 5.66; 95% confidence interval 1.01-31.71). This association weakened after adjustment for calprotectinemia, supporting a role for calprotectinemia as a moderator of this effect. These findings support studies to examine the effect of vitamin D status on calprotectinemia, neutrophil functions, and opportunistic mucosal infections in HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512446342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T21:00:16Z","timestamp":1335474016000},"page":"666-670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association among Vitamin D, Oral Candidiasis, and Calprotectinemia in HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"H.Y.","family":"Sroussi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina, M\/C 838, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Burke-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.M.","family":"Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.M.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina, M\/C 838, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The CORE Center, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31821ae418"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70124-1"},{"key":"bibr3-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199803000-00004"},{"key":"bibr4-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511407771"},{"key":"bibr5-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323941"},{"key":"bibr6-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02711.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2003.12.006"},{"key":"bibr8-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2685"},{"key":"bibr9-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e545"},{"key":"bibr10-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01047.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200009010-00006"},{"key":"bibr12-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(92)90185-S"},{"key":"bibr13-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.019"},{"key":"bibr14-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198408093110602"},{"key":"bibr15-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2001.115973"},{"key":"bibr16-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100611"},{"key":"bibr17-0022034512446342","first-page":"2060","volume":"179","author":"Liu PT","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis"},{"key":"bibr18-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.88"},{"key":"bibr19-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.1.72"},{"key":"bibr20-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1784"},{"key":"bibr21-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3248-3254.2001"},{"key":"bibr22-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11683-7"},{"key":"bibr23-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500910"},{"key":"bibr24-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01289.x"},{"key":"bibr25-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715760903431434"},{"key":"bibr26-0022034512446342","first-page":"30","volume":"91","author":"Stein SH","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Tenn Dent Assoc"},{"key":"bibr27-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199712010-00002"},{"key":"bibr28-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32833d4b9f"},{"key":"bibr29-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302x.2001.016002119.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0022034512446342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0241"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034512446342","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022034512446342","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034512446342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:07:54Z","timestamp":1777496874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022034512446342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022034512446342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034512446342","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]]}}}