{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1782211055825,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) release several cytokines that play important roles in the inflammatory process. In this study, we examined whether capsaicin can modulate cytokine release in SGEC. After cells were stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), mRNA transcript and protein levels were detected by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These findings demonstrated that the increases in TNF\u03b1 and IL-6 mRNA transcripts were highest at 3 hrs and 1 hr after incubation with poly(I:C) and LPS, respectively. Pre-treatment of the cells with 10 \u03bc\u00b5 capsaicin, however, significantly inhibited mRNA transcripts and its protein levels. The simultaneous application of 10 \u03bc\u00b5 capsazepine with capsaicin did not block the inhibitory effect of capsaicin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of capsaicin was also shown in primary cultured cells from TRPV1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. We found that both poly(I:C) and LPS induced I\u03baB-\u03b1 degradation and phosphorylation, which resulted in NF-\u03baB activation, and capsaicin inhibited this NF-\u03baB pathway. These results demonstrate that SGEC release pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by TLR, and capsaicin inhibits this process through the NF-\u03baB pathway. This study suggests that capsaicin could potentially alleviate inflammation in salivary glands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513487376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T23:35:30Z","timestamp":1366414530000},"page":"547-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Capsaicin Regulates the NF-\u03baB Pathway in Salivary Gland Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Y.-H.","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Namkoong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-S.","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.-M.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National 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