{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:24:49Z","timestamp":1792805089171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the association between more advanced stages of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) intra-articular disorders (\u201cTMJ intra-articular status\u201d), representing a transition from normal joint structure to TMJ disc displacement with and without reduction (DDwR and DDwoR) to degenerative joint disease (DJD), and patient-reported outcomes of jaw pain, function, and disability (\u201cTMD impact\u201d). This cross-sectional study included 614 cases from the RDC\/TMD Validation Project with at least one temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnosis. TMJ intra-articular status was determined by 3 blinded, calibrated radiologists using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography as one of normal joint structure, DDwR, DDwoR, or DJD, representing the subject\u2019s most advanced TMJ diagnosis. TMD impact was conceptualized as a latent variable consisting of 1) pain intensity (Characteristic Pain Index from the Graded Chronic Pain Scale [GCPS]), 2) jaw function (Jaw Functional Limitation Scale), and 3) disability (Disability Points from GCPS). A structural equation model estimated the association of TMJ intra-articular status with the latent measure TMD impact as a correlation coefficient in all TMD cases ( n = 614) and in cases with a TMD pain diagnosis ( n = 500). The correlations between TMJ intra-articular status and TMD impact were 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], \u22120.04 to 0.13) for all TMD cases and 0.07 (95% CI, \u22120.04 to 0.17) for cases with a pain diagnosis, which are neither statistically significant nor clinically relevant. Conceptualizing worsening of TMJ intra-articular disorders as 4 stages and characterizing impact from TMD as a composite of jaw pain, function, and disability, this cross-sectional study found no clinically significant association. Models of TMJ intra-articular status other than ours (normal structure \u2192 DDwR \u2192 DDwoR \u2192 DJD) should be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514565793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T02:38:36Z","timestamp":1420771116000},"page":"79S-86S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Temporomandibular Joint Disorders\u2019 Impact on Pain, Function, and Disability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Chantaracherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.T.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.L.","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.02.023"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.007"},{"key":"bibr3-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2001.0272"},{"key":"bibr4-0022034514565793","volume-title":"Temporomandibular joint arthrosis: an analysis of 400 cases [dissertation]","author":"Boering G","year":"1966"},{"key":"bibr5-0022034514565793","volume-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research","author":"Brown TA.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr6-0022034514565793","unstructured":"Bush FM, Harkins SW. 1995. Pain-related limitation in activities of daily living in patients with chronic orofacial pain: psychometric properties of a disability index. J Orofac Pain. 9(1):57\u201363."},{"key":"bibr7-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.02.011"},{"key":"bibr8-0022034514565793","volume-title":"Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr9-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80805-7"},{"key":"bibr10-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80233-1"},{"key":"bibr11-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(95)90215-5"},{"key":"bibr12-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0256"},{"key":"bibr13-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0068"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr14-0022034514565793","first-page":"211","volume":"28","author":"Karacayli U","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"bibr15-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2004.01439.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.004"},{"key":"bibr17-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345980770020401"},{"key":"bibr18-0022034514565793","first-page":"217","volume":"6","author":"Laskin DM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr19-0022034514565793","first-page":"333","volume":"19","author":"Ohlmann B","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"bibr20-0022034514565793","unstructured":"Ohrbach R, Larsson P, List T. 2008. The jaw functional limitation scale: development, reliability, and validity of 8-item and 20-item versions. J Orofac Pain. 22(3):219\u2013230."},{"key":"bibr21-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/60489374"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr22-0022034514565793","first-page":"196","volume":"89","author":"Rasmussen OC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"bibr23-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.04.010"},{"key":"bibr24-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112243"},{"key":"bibr25-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345920710110901"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr26-0022034514565793","first-page":"63","volume":"24","author":"Schiffman EL","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"bibr27-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.07.744"},{"key":"bibr28-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90154-4"},{"key":"bibr29-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(89)90003-0"},{"key":"bibr30-0022034514565793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860280067019"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr31-0022034514565793","first-page":"295","volume":"13","author":"Zarb GA","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034514565793","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022034514565793","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034514565793","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:05:32Z","timestamp":1777496732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022034514565793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022034514565793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034514565793","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]}}}