{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:37:25Z","timestamp":1780583845008,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Estrogen deficiency results in disruption of maxillary alveolar bone microarchitecture. Most of the actions of estrogen in long bones occur via estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1). However, the function of ER\u03b1 in the maxillary bone has not been defined. We aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of ER\u03b1 in the physiological and mechanically induced alveolar bone remodeling in female and male mice. Wild-type (WT) and ER\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    (ERKO\u03b1) mice were subjected to mechanically stimulated bone remodeling by inducing orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The maxillary bone was analyzed using histomorphometric analysis, micro\u2013computed tomography, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) from WT and ERKO\u03b1 mice were tested for their capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Both male and female ERKO\u03b1 mice exhibited marked reduction of alveolar bone mass and increased OTM. This response was associated with an increased number of osteoclasts and reduced number of apoptotic cells and osteoblasts in the periodontium and alveolar bone. Consistently, ERKO\u03b1 mice exhibited lower levels of calcium in bone and increased expression of IL-33 (interleukin-33), TNF-\u03b1 (tumor necrosis factor \u03b1), and IL-1\u03b2 (interleukin-1\u03b2) and decreased expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein and alkaline phosphatase in periodontal tissues. Moreover, the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro was significantly higher in BMCs obtained from ERKO\u03b1. ER\u03b1 is required to maintain the microarchitecture of maxillary alveolar bone. This process is linked to bone cell differentiation and apoptosis, as well as local production of inflammatory molecules such as IL-33, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516633154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T23:34:20Z","timestamp":1456443260000},"page":"689-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Osteoprotective Effects of Estrogen in the Maxillary Bone Depend on ER\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Macari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ajay Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.E.","family":"Szawka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.P.","family":"Garlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, S\u00e3o Paulo University, Bauru, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.R.","family":"Grattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 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