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Acute pain is part of a hypervigilance system that alerts the individual to injury or potential injury of tissues. It can also disturb sleep. Disrupted sleep is often associated with chronic pain states, including those that occur in the orofacial region. The article presents many insights that have been gained in the last few decades into the peripheral and central mechanisms involved in orofacial pain and its modulation, as well as the circuits and processes in the central nervous system that underlie sleep. Although it has become clear that sleep is essential to preserve and maintain health, it has also been found that pain, particularly chronic pain, is commonly associated with disturbed sleep. In the presence of chronic pain, a circular relationship may prevail, with mutual deleterious influences causing an increase in pain and a disruption of sleep. This article also reviews findings that indicate that reducing orofacial pain and improving sleep need to be targeted together in the management of acute to chronic orofacial pain states in order to improve an orofacial pain patient\u2019s quality of life, to prevent mood alterations or exacerbation of sleep disorder (e.g., insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing) that can negatively affect their pain, and to promote healing and optimize their health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516648264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T09:52:45Z","timestamp":1462614765000},"page":"1109-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["The Neurobiology of Orofacial Pain and Sleep and Their Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"G.J.","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculties of Dental Medicine and Medicine, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Trauma Unit, Surgery Department, H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.J","family":"Sessle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034516648264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.999"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034516648264","unstructured":"Adachi K, Hino S, Odai R, Shimoyama T, Sakagami H, Lavigne GJ, Sessle BJ. 2014. 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