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The Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC\/TMD) were developed on core principles of 1) a dual-axis system reflecting the biopsychosocial model, 2) a clear operationalization for reliability, and 3) the allowance of multiple diagnoses. These principles were retained in the subsequent validation research of the RDC\/TMD, and the current diagnostic system\u2014the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC\/TMD)\u2014has improved on those principles as well as on diagnostic validity and protocols for assessing the psychosocial domain. Further investigations into etiology and its potential contribution to taxonomy revision are described, particularly within the context of complex disease. 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