{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:39:05Z","timestamp":1792449545070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    microRNAs could be mechanosensitive and emerge as critical posttranscriptional regulators in the bone-remodeling process. During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), the application of mechanical force induces alveolar bone remodeling, but whether microRNAs respond to orthodontic force and contribute to OTM is unknown. microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been previously reported in vitro to mediate stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and support osteoclast differentiation. In this study, the authors show that miR-21 responded to orthodontic force in periodontal tissue in a dose- and time-dependent manner and regulated the osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells following OTM. Using mmu-miR-21-deficient (miR-21\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mice, the authors discovered that mmu-miR-21 deficiency inhibited OTM and prevented force-induced maxillary bone loss. The authors found that miR-21\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice showed a normal skeletal phenotype in development and a similar alveolar bone formation rate to wild-type mice postnatally. During OTM, mmu-miR-21 regulated force-induced alveolar osteoblastogenesis in the tensile side, while no effects were detected in the compressive side. However, miR-21\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice showed inhibited alveolar osteoclastogenesis when compared with wild-type mice. During OTM, mmu-miR-21 deficiency blocked alveolar bone resorption in both the compressive and tensile sides. To dissect the mechanism by which miR-21 regulates alveolar bone remodeling, the authors screened the reported functional targets of miR-21 and found that periodontal expression of programmed cell death 4 ( Pdcd4) was inhibited following OTM. Furthermore, mmu-miR-21 deficiency removed the suppression of Pdcd4 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the periodontium, resulting in upregulation of the downstream effector C-fos. Further analysis of OTM under lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation showed that mmu-miR-21 mediated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated OTM and that mmu-miR-21 deficiency blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced maxillary bone loss. In summary, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism that a microRNA can modulate OTM and alveolar bone remodeling under both normal and inflammatory microenvironments in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516657043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T23:39:13Z","timestamp":1468625953000},"page":"1425-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["microRNA-21 Contributes to Orthodontic Tooth Movement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.D.","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.H.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military 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