{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:52:12Z","timestamp":1783461132181,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leading Academic Discipline Project of Beijing Education Bureau","award":["BMU20110254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMU20110254"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81300893 and 81470756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81300893 and 81470756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood vessels provide the original supplies for the formation of primary saliva, which is regulated by the tight junctions (TJs) between endothelial cells. Previous studies have shown that blood flow increases with vasodilatation during cholinergic-evoked salivation. However, changes in vascular paracellular permeability and the role of endothelial TJs in salivation are unknown. Here, we established an in vivo paracellular permeability detection system and observed that the endothelial TJs were permeable to 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)\u2013dextran while impermeable to 40- and 70-kDa FITC-dextran under an unstimulated condition in mouse submandibular glands (SMGs). Pilocarpine increased the flux of 4- and 40-kDa FITC-dextran out of blood vessels but did not affect 70-kDa FITC-dextran. Claudin 5, a TJ protein specifically localized in salivary endothelial cells, was redistributed from the apicolateral membranes to the lateral and basolateral membranes and cytoplasm in cholinergic-stimulated mouse SMGs and freshly cultured human SMG tissues. In the transplanted SMGs from epiphora patients, we found that claudin 5 was present in the basolateral membranes and cytoplasm, instead of the apical region in control SMGs. Moreover, the level of phospho\u2013myosin light chain 2 increased within the blood vessels of the pilocarpine-stimulated mouse SMGs and transplanted human SMGs, while the downstream molecule F-actin was reorganized in the endothelial cells of the transplanted human SMGs. Taken together, our findings provide direct visual evidence that the opening of endothelial TJs and the redistribution of claudin 5 are essential events contributing to cholinergic-evoked salivation, thus enriching our understanding of the secretory mechanisms that link blood flow to primary saliva formation by regulating the endothelial paracellular permeability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516685048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T18:21:53Z","timestamp":1485282113000},"page":"562-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Endothelial Tight Junctions Are Opened in Cholinergic-Evoked Salivation In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Salivary Gland Diseases of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Salivary Gland Diseases of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.H.","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.M.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.Z.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Salivary Gland Diseases of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P.R. 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