{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T16:43:36Z","timestamp":1793292216910,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP 16K2045508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 16K2045508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Besides chemically interacting with hard tooth tissue, acidic functional monomers of self-etch adhesives should etch the prepared tooth surface to dissolve the smear layer and to provide surface micro-retention. Although the etching efficacy of functional monomers is commonly determined in terms of pH, the pH of adhesives cannot accurately be measured. Better is to measure the hydroxyapatite (HAp)\u2013dissolving capacity, also considering that functional monomers may form monomer-Ca salts. Here, the etching efficacy of 6 functional monomers (GPDM, phenyl-P, MTEGP, 4-META, 6-MHP and 10-MDP) was investigated. Solutions containing 15 wt% monomer, 45 wt% ethanol, and 40 wt% water were prepared. Initially, we observed enamel surfaces exposed to monomer solution by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to detect monomer-Ca salt formation. Phenyl-P exhibited a strong etching effect, while 10-MDP\u2013treated enamel showed substance deposition, which was identified by XRD as 10-MDP\u2013Ca salt. To confirm these SEM\/XRD findings, we determined the etching efficacy of functional monomers by measuring both the concentration of Ca released from HAp using inductively coupled plasma\u2013atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the amount of monomer-Ca salt formation using\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). ICP-AES revealed that the highest Ca concentration was produced by phenyl-P and the lowest Ca concentration, almost equally, by 4-META and 10-MDP. Only 10-MDP formed 10-MDP\u2013Ca salts, indicating that 10-MDP released more Ca from HAp than was measured by ICP-AES. Part of the released Ca was consumed to form 10-MDP\u2013Ca salts. It is concluded that the repeatedly reported higher bonding effectiveness of 10-MDP\u2013based adhesives must not only be attributed to the more intense chemical bonding of 10-MDP but also to its higher etching potential, a combination the other functional monomers investigated lack.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518763606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T18:15:19Z","timestamp":1521483319000},"page":"1010-1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Etching Efficacy of Self-Etching Functional Monomers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomaterials Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Okihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical and Biological Technology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Van Meerbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Research, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30871"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/08-72"},{"key":"bibr3-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2007.02.009"},{"key":"bibr4-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511431251"},{"key":"bibr5-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513514587"},{"key":"bibr6-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.06.006"},{"key":"bibr7-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.04.005"},{"key":"bibr8-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501014"},{"key":"bibr9-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512474310"},{"key":"bibr10-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508401213"},{"key":"bibr11-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12059"},{"key":"bibr12-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.04.009"},{"key":"bibr13-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.26260"},{"key":"bibr14-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.05.001"},{"key":"bibr15-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00142.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2009.11.001"},{"key":"bibr17-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(00)00104-4"},{"key":"bibr18-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.07.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr19-0022034518763606","first-page":"143","volume":"8","author":"Salz U","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adhes Dent"},{"key":"bibr20-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/13-252-L"},{"key":"bibr21-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(00)00087-7"},{"key":"bibr22-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.04.034"},{"key":"bibr23-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12232"},{"key":"bibr24-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2005.04.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr25-0022034518763606","first-page":"215","volume":"28","author":"Van Meerbeek B","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"bibr26-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.023"},{"key":"bibr27-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300604"},{"key":"bibr28-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512437375"},{"key":"bibr29-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.04.026"},{"key":"bibr30-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.03.024"},{"key":"bibr31-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.05.006"},{"key":"bibr32-0022034518763606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.1216"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034518763606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022034518763606","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034518763606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:07:40Z","timestamp":1777496860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022034518763606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022034518763606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034518763606","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]}}}