{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:02:37Z","timestamp":1789624957055,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001736","name":"german-israeli foundation for scientific research and development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I-1432-201.11\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I-1432-201.11\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Cooperation Lower Saxony \u2013 Israel","award":["A128382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A128382"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To successfully withstand a wide variety of microbial and mechanical challenges, the immune system of the oral mucosa is composed of tissue-resident and specially recruited leukocytes. These leukocytes facilitate the establishment and maintenance of local homeostasis but are also capable to cause oral pathologies when are unrestrained. \u03b3\u03b4T cells represent an important tissue-resident innate T-cell population in various mucosal and nonmucosal barrier tissues, in which they are ideally located to assist in immunosurveillance, tissue repair, and homeostasis. Whereas most works studying \u03b3\u03b4T cells were focused on tissues such as the skin and intestine, these cells in the oral mucosa were only recently thoroughly studied. The findings obtained by those studies appear to be both complementary and contradicting, likely reflecting differences in the experimental settings and the type of transgenic mouse modalities employed by each study. Nevertheless, oral \u03b3\u03b4T cells were shown to consist of developmentally distinct tissue-resident V\u03b36 cells and circulating V\u03b31 and V\u03b34 subsets that are independently maintained in the oral mucosa. In the gingiva, a particularly challenging barrier tissue due to its proximity to the dental plaque, \u03b3\u03b4T cells are strategically positioned close to the plaque and represent the major source of IL-17. While this suggests that \u03b3\u03b4T cells might be involved in controlling the dental biofilm, conflicting data were reported in this regard. In vivo studies have shown that \u03b3\u03b4T cells either play a protective role during age-associated bone loss or, alternatively, have no impact in this process. Also, recent reports suggested opposing data concerning the impact of \u03b3\u03b4T cells in experimental periodontitis based on the ligature model. This review summarizes and discusses the most up-to-date literature on oral \u03b3\u03b4T cells, providing a balanced perspective regarding our current understanding on the development of oral \u03b3\u03b4T cells and their role under physiologic conditions and certain oral pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T15:31:28Z","timestamp":1582558288000},"page":"498-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Development and Function of \u03b3\u03b4T Cells in the Oral Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"A.H.","family":"Hovav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wilharm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Barel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Prinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.05.002"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.11.008"},{"key":"bibr3-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35105052"},{"key":"bibr4-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4986"},{"key":"bibr5-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171508"},{"key":"bibr6-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.017"},{"key":"bibr7-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri797"},{"key":"bibr8-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201847379"},{"key":"bibr9-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14282"},{"key":"bibr10-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130877"},{"key":"bibr11-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-339135"},{"key":"bibr12-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.030"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr13-0022034520908839","first-page":"132","volume":"23","author":"Domae E","year":"2018","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"key":"bibr14-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-218156"},{"key":"bibr15-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.010"},{"key":"bibr16-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat0797"},{"key":"bibr17-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0263-9"},{"key":"bibr18-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1995.66.9.780"},{"key":"bibr19-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063916"},{"key":"bibr20-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7401090"},{"key":"bibr21-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.01.011"},{"key":"bibr22-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100427"},{"key":"bibr23-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939922"},{"key":"bibr24-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.006"},{"key":"bibr25-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1828619"},{"key":"bibr26-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.11.4185"},{"key":"bibr27-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1101-997"},{"key":"bibr28-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/322836a0"},{"key":"bibr29-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-001-0134-3"},{"key":"bibr30-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/343754a0"},{"key":"bibr31-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90112-4"},{"key":"bibr32-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.040"},{"key":"bibr33-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0695-552"},{"key":"bibr34-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7477"},{"key":"bibr35-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.016"},{"key":"bibr36-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1995.66.9.775"},{"key":"bibr37-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838741"},{"key":"bibr38-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802320115"},{"key":"bibr39-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990301)80:5<709::AID-IJC14>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"bibr40-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90166-C"},{"key":"bibr41-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.97"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr42-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.5.2302","volume":"153","author":"Lundqvist C","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr43-0022034520908839","first-page":"38","volume":"79","author":"Lundqvist C","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"bibr44-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2534"},{"key":"bibr45-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101817"},{"key":"bibr46-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.020"},{"key":"bibr47-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.039"},{"key":"bibr48-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3493"},{"key":"bibr49-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.08.005"},{"key":"bibr50-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700287"},{"key":"bibr51-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1993.64.10.963"},{"key":"bibr52-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614926114"},{"key":"bibr53-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0700-z"},{"key":"bibr54-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.101"},{"key":"bibr55-0022034520908839","volume":"2013","author":"Pankhurst CL","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"bibr56-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.11.006"},{"key":"bibr57-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3726"},{"key":"bibr58-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0701-y"},{"key":"bibr59-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343759"},{"key":"bibr60-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3686"},{"key":"bibr61-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1403424111"},{"key":"bibr62-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171079"},{"key":"bibr63-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13199"},{"key":"bibr64-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5576"},{"key":"bibr65-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.1.323"},{"key":"bibr66-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181439"},{"key":"bibr67-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90170-8"},{"key":"bibr68-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4466"},{"key":"bibr69-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0153-5"},{"key":"bibr70-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3904"},{"key":"bibr71-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007069"},{"key":"bibr72-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.548"},{"key":"bibr73-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101824"},{"key":"bibr74-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.001"},{"key":"bibr75-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.064"},{"key":"bibr76-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002620050014"},{"key":"bibr77-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838409"},{"key":"bibr78-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03147-6"},{"key":"bibr79-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aam8834"},{"key":"bibr80-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00486"},{"key":"bibr81-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.08.007"},{"key":"bibr82-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00118"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr83-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.7.3051","volume":"153","author":"Weintraub BC","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr84-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818812116"},{"key":"bibr85-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0304-y"},{"key":"bibr86-0022034520908839","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-010116"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034520908839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022034520908839","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034520908839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:08:31Z","timestamp":1777496911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022034520908839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022034520908839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034520908839","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]]}}}