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Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included that provided dental clinical measurements on human patients treated with BPs with or without similar untreated controls or treated with placebo. Information sources included a systematic search of 17 electronic databases up to August 2020, complemented by manual searches. Risk of bias assessment was performed with the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Extracted measurements were pooled according to time of evaluation. The random-effects model by DerSimonian and Laird was used to calculate mean differences (MDs) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven RCTs were included in the network meta-analysis, assessing 391 subjects reporting on periodontal treatment effects after 2 to 12\u2009mo of BP administration. BP treatment was associated with significant improvement of most clinical measurements, compared with BP-naive controls. According to the network ranking, alendronate was more efficient in improvement of probing depth and clinical attachment gain when compared to zoledronate or alendronate\/risedronate. Similarly, the local application of alendronate as a gel was more effective than the oral administration. A long-term analysis of the pharmaceutical effects was not possible due to insufficient data. The current review, performed according to existing guidelines, included only RCTs and, through appropriate statistical analyses, provided precise estimates for most assessed outcomes. However, no adverse effects or long-term treatment results were analyzed due to inadequate pertinent data. BP administration seems to be beneficial in the short term for the treatment of periodontal diseases, mainly through controlling periodontal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520972945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T01:25:12Z","timestamp":1605749112000},"page":"341-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bisphosphonates as Supplement to Dental Treatment: A Network Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"V.F.","family":"Zymperdikas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Dental Department, 424 Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.P.","family":"Yavropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.G.","family":"Kaklamanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.1.125"},{"key":"bibr2-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.04.011"},{"key":"bibr3-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"bibr4-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001419"},{"key":"bibr5-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"bibr6-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.10.825"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-0022034520972945","first-page":"31","volume":"3","author":"Carini F","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Stomatol (Roma)"},{"key":"bibr8-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"bibr9-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3767"},{"key":"bibr10-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2016-0252"},{"key":"bibr11-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"bibr13-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.10.055"},{"key":"bibr14-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.04.023"},{"key":"bibr15-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01388.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3156"},{"key":"bibr17-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_12_18"},{"key":"bibr18-0022034520972945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011"},{"key":"bibr19-0022034520972945","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Green S. 2011. 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