{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:20:51Z","timestamp":1791908451822,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001736","name":"german-israeli foundation for scientific research and development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant I-1432-201.11\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant I-1432-201.11\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Cooperation Lower Saxony\u2013Israel","award":["project A128382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project A128382"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"israel science foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 1205\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 1205\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ana & Rachel Halperin Bio-Medical Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sustained mechanical forces applied to tissue are known to shape local immunity. In the oral mucosa, mechanical stress, either naturally induced by masticatory forces or externally via mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), is translated, in part, by T cells to alveolar bone resorption. Nevertheless, despite being considered critical for OTM, depletion of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells is reported to have no impact on tooth movement, thus questioning the function of \u03b1\u03b2T cells in OTM-associated bone resorption. To further address the role of T cells in OTM, we first characterized the leukocytes residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL), the tissue of interest during OTM, and compared it to the neighboring gingiva. Unlike the gingiva, monocytes and neutrophils represent the major leukocytes of the PDL. These myeloid cells were also the main leukocytes in the PDL of germ-free mice, although at lower levels than SPF mice. T lymphocytes were more enriched in the gingiva than the PDL, yet in both tissues, the relative fraction of the \u03b3\u03b4T cells was higher than the \u03b1\u03b2 T cells. We thus sought to examine the role of \u03b3\u03b4T cells in OTM. \u03b3\u03b4T cells residing in the PDL were mainly V\u03b36\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and produced interleukin (IL)\u201317A but not interferon-\u03b3. Using\n                    <jats:italic>Tcrd-GDL<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice allowing conditional ablation of \u03b3\u03b4T cells in vivo, we demonstrate that OTM was greatly diminished in the absence of \u03b3\u03b4T cells. Further analysis revealed that ablation of \u03b3\u03b4T cells decreased early IL-17A expression, monocyte and neutrophil recruitment, and the expression of the osteoclastogenic molecule receptor activator of nuclear factor\u2013\u03ba\u03b2 ligand. This, eventually, resulted in reduced numbers of osteoclasts in the pressure site during OTM. Collectively, our data suggest that \u03b3\u03b4T cells are essential in OTM for translating orthodontic mechanical forces to bone resorption, required for relocating the tooth in the alveolar bone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520984774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T01:45:50Z","timestamp":1611279950000},"page":"731-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["\u03b3\u03b4T Cells Are Essential for Orthodontic Tooth Movement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Wald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University\u2013Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Leibowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Aizenbud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Zubeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Barel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Heyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wilharm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Sandrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Fleissig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University\u2013Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit and Internal Medicine Division, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Prinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Aizenbud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chaushu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University\u2013Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"Hovav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2019.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518782141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-09-178301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2179::AID-IMMU2179>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.22892"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/876509"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5409","article-title":"Inhibition of CD45 during neutrophil activation","volume":"158","author":"Fialkow L","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fialkow L, Chan CK, Downey GP. 1997. Inhibition of CD45 during neutrophil activation. J Immunol. 158(11):5409\u20135417.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00469.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007393200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65089-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802320115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614926114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03147-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818812116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515595003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-017-0004-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-010116"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034520984774","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022034520984774","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022034520984774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:09:05Z","timestamp":1777496945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022034520984774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022034520984774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034520984774","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]}}}