{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:06:55Z","timestamp":1789132015760,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE025014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE025014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE025659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE025659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Wnt\u2013\u03b2-catenin signaling plays a key role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), a common clinical practice for malocclusion correction. However, its targeted periodontal ligament (PDL) progenitor cells remain largely unclear. In this study, we first showed a synchronized increase in Wnt\u2013\u03b2-catenin levels and Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PDL progenitor cell numbers during OTM using immunostaining of \u03b2-catenin in wild-type mice and X-gal staining in the Axin2-LacZ knock-in line. Next, we demonstrated time-dependent increases in Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PDL progenitors and their progeny cell numbers within PDL and alveolar bones during OTM using a one-time tamoxifen-induced Axin2 tracing line ( Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>CreERT2\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; R26R\n                    <jats:sup>tdTomato\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Coimmunostaining images displayed both early and late bone markers (such as RUNX2 and DMP1) in the Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>Lin<\/jats:sup>\n                    PDL cells. Conversely, ablation of Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PDL cells via one-time tamoxifen-induced diphtheria toxin subunit A (DTA) led to a drastic decrease in osteogenic activity (as reflected by alkaline phosphatase) in PDL and alveolar bone. There was also a decrease in new bone mass and a significant reduction in the mineral apposition rate on both the control side (to a moderate degree) and the OTM side (to a severe degree). Thus, we conclude that the Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PDL cells (the Wnt-targeted key cells) are highly sensitive to orthodontic tension force and play a critical role in OTM-induced PDL expansion and alveolar bone formation. Future drug development targeting the Axin2\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    PDL progenitor cells may accelerate alveolar bone formation during orthodontic treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211062585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T01:40:21Z","timestamp":1641778821000},"page":"695-703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Axin2+ PDL Cells Directly Contribute to New Alveolar Bone Formation in Response to Orthodontic Tension Force"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1508-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.Q.","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 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