{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:00:49Z","timestamp":1789228849084,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DE021412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DE021412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Young children need increased access to dental prevention and care. Targeting high caries risk children first helps meet this need. The objective of this study was to develop a parent-completed, easy-to-score, short, accurate caries risk tool for screening in primary health care settings to identify children at increased risk for cavities. A longitudinal, prospective, multisite, cohort study enrolled (primarily through primary health care settings) and followed 985 (out of 1,326) 1-y-old children and their primary caregivers (PCGs) until age 4. The PCG completed a 52-item self-administered questionnaire, and children were examined using the International Caries Detection and Assessment Criteria (ICDAS) at 12 \u00b1 3 mo (baseline), 30 \u00b1 3 mo (80% retention), and 48 \u00b1 3 mo of age (74% retention). Cavitated caries lesion (dmfs = decayed, missing, and filled surfaces; d = ICDAS \u22653) experience at 4 y of age was assessed and tested for associations with questionnaire items using generalized estimating equation models applied to logistic regression. Multivariable analysis used backward model selection, with a limit of 10 items. At age 4, 24% of children had cavitated-level caries experience; 49% were female; 14% were Hispanic, 41% were White, 33% were Black, 2% were other, and 10% were multiracial; 58% enrolled in Medicaid; and 95% lived in urban communities. The age 4 multivariable prediction model, using age 1 responses (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.73), included the following significant ( P &lt; 0.001) variables (odds ratios): child participating in public assistance programs such as Medicaid (1.74), being non-White (1.80\u20131.96), born premature (1.48), not born by caesarean section (1.28), snacking on sugary snacks (3 or more\/d, 2.22; 1\u20132\/d or weekly, 1.55), PCG cleaning the pacifier with juice\/soda\/honey or sweet drink (2.17), PCG daily sharing\/tasting food with child using same spoon\/fork\/glass (1.32), PCG brushing their teeth less than daily (2.72), PCG\u2019s gums bleeding daily when brushing or PCG having no teeth (1.83\u20132.00), and PCG having cavities\/fillings\/extractions in past 2 y (1.55). A 10-item caries risk tool at age 1 shows good agreement with cavitated-level caries experience by age 4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345231173585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T01:19:50Z","timestamp":1686964790000},"page":"988-998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Predicting Dental Caries in Young Children in Primary Health Care Settings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2357-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7798-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.J.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.P.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Keels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.T.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Kemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Yanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"Kolker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Talbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00220345231173585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2577"},{"key":"bibr2-00220345231173585","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31928-7"},{"key":"bibr3-00220345231173585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boustedt K, Roswall J, Twetman S, Dahlgren J. 2018. 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