{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:59:24Z","timestamp":1783652364156,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31DE031969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31DE031969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD086742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD086742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD072326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD072326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Observational research provides valuable opportunities to advance oral health science but is limited by vulnerabilities to systematic bias, including unmeasured confounding, errors in variable measurement, or bias in the creation of study populations and\/or analytic samples. The potential influence of systematic biases on observed results is often only briefly mentioned among the discussion of limitations of a given study, despite existing methods that support detailed assessments of their potential effects. Quantitative bias analysis is a set of methodological techniques that, when applied to observational data, can provide important context to aid in the interpretation and integration of observational research findings into the broader body of oral health research. Specifically, these methods were developed to provide quantitative estimates of the potential magnitude and direction of the influence of systematic biases on observed results. We aim to encourage and facilitate the broad adoption of quantitative bias analyses into observational oral health research. To this end, we provide an overview of quantitative bias analysis techniques, including a step-by-step implementation guide. We also provide a detailed appendix that guides readers through an applied example using real data obtained from a prospective observational cohort study of preconception periodontitis in relation to time to pregnancy. Quantitative bias analysis methods are available to all investigators. When appropriately applied to observational studies, findings from such studies can have a greater impact in the broader research context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345231193314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T03:41:04Z","timestamp":1696304464000},"page":"1288-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Systematic Bias: A Guide for Researchers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2988-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.C.","family":"Bond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.P.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.A.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516639920"},{"key":"bibr2-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13376"},{"key":"bibr3-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13386"},{"key":"bibr4-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad142"},{"key":"bibr5-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab058"},{"key":"bibr6-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513505621"},{"key":"bibr7-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx057"},{"key":"bibr8-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-82673-4"},{"key":"bibr9-00220345231193314","unstructured":"Fox MP, MacLehose RF, Lash TL. 2023a. Applying quantitative bias analysis to epidemiologic data [accessed 2023 Jul 24]. https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/biasanalysis."},{"key":"bibr10-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad053"},{"key":"bibr11-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz030"},{"key":"bibr12-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.6.1107"},{"key":"bibr13-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00008"},{"key":"bibr14-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy280"},{"key":"bibr15-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43"},{"key":"bibr16-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu149"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-00220345231193314","first-page":"84","volume":"37","author":"Mittinty MN","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"bibr18-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50123-5_33"},{"key":"bibr19-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab061"},{"key":"bibr20-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0625-9"},{"key":"bibr21-00220345231193314","volume-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"Rothman K","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr22-00220345231193314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060344"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345231193314","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00220345231193314","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345231193314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:08:29Z","timestamp":1777496909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345231193314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345231193314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345231193314","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]}}}