{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:59:40Z","timestamp":1792000780039,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017246","name":"radboud institute for health sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>After nasal bone fractures, fractures of the mandible are the most frequently encountered injuries of the facial skeleton. Accurate identification of fracture locations is critical for effectively managing these injuries. To address this need, JawFracNet, an innovative artificial intelligence method, has been developed to enable automated detection of mandibular fractures in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. JawFracNet employs a 3-stage neural network model that processes 3-dimensional patches from a CBCT scan. Stage 1 predicts a segmentation mask of the mandible in a patch, which is subsequently used in stage 2 to predict a segmentation of the fractures and in stage 3 to classify whether the patch contains any fracture. The final output of JawFracNet is the fracture segmentation of the entire scan, obtained by aggregating and unifying voxel-level and patch-level predictions. A total of 164 CBCT scans without mandibular fractures and 171 CBCT scans with mandibular fractures were included in this study. Evaluation of JawFracNet demonstrated a precision of 0.978 and a sensitivity of 0.956 in detecting mandibular fractures. The current study proposes the first benchmark for mandibular fracture detection in CBCT scans. Straightforward replication is promoted by publicly sharing the code and providing access to JawFracNet on grand-challenge.org.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241256618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T03:07:33Z","timestamp":1719198453000},"page":"1384-1391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Detecting Mandible Fractures in CBCT Scans Using a 3-Stage Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"van Nistelrooij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative, Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"van Lierop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. El","family":"Ghoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative, Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hanisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum, M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4081-1487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.G.E.","family":"Thiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative, Orofacial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fl\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"van Ginneken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Berg\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2679-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Vinayahalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.04.032"},{"key":"bibr2-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/ajms.v5i4.9561"},{"key":"bibr3-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2022.06.004"},{"key":"bibr4-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942010000500006"},{"key":"bibr5-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2023.1085251"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr6-00220345241256618","first-page":"627","volume":"302","author":"Guermazi A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"bibr7-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0056"},{"key":"bibr8-00220345241256618","first-page":"448","volume-title":"ICML \u201915: In: Bach F, Blei D, editors. Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Ioffe S","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr9-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010560"},{"key":"bibr10-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103106"},{"key":"bibr11-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-77572016-0332"},{"key":"bibr12-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2010.03.004"},{"key":"bibr13-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo RYL, Harrison C, Curran T-A, Jones B, Freethy A, Cussons D, Stewart M, Collins GS, Furniss D. 2022. Artificial intelligence in fracture detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 304(1):50\u201362.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211785"},{"key":"bibr14-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102567"},{"key":"bibr15-00220345241256618","unstructured":"Loshchilov I, Hutter F. 2019. Decoupled weight decay regularization. In: The Seventh International Conference on Learning Representations. New Orleans (LA): ICLR."},{"key":"bibr16-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.06.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr17-00220345241256618","first-page":"446","volume":"22","author":"Loubele M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-00220345241256618","first-page":"100444","volume":"3","author":"Mahdi SS","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manage Data Insights"},{"key":"bibr19-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104430"},{"key":"bibr20-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211013808"},{"key":"bibr21-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2017.08.06"},{"key":"bibr22-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200611"},{"key":"bibr23-00220345241256618","first-page":"8024","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 32","author":"Paszke A","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr24-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13115"},{"key":"bibr25-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601374"},{"key":"bibr26-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103610"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr27-00220345241256618","first-page":"102","volume":"12","author":"Sehat M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Trauma Res"},{"key":"bibr28-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.369629"},{"key":"bibr29-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11060933"},{"key":"bibr30-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111711"},{"key":"bibr31-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000209392.85221.0b"},{"key":"bibr32-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.12.026"},{"key":"bibr33-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23445-w"},{"key":"bibr34-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04427-8"},{"key":"bibr35-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.03.056"},{"key":"bibr36-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30640-w"},{"key":"bibr37-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1505.00853"},{"key":"bibr38-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2402.09372"},{"key":"bibr39-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2951"},{"key":"bibr40-00220345241256618","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-69912017005011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345241256618","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00220345241256618","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345241256618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:08:49Z","timestamp":1777496929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345241256618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345241256618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345241256618","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]}}}