{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:46:20Z","timestamp":1792424780775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DE027412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DE027412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DE031025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE031025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR001999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been implicated as a potential cariogenic microorganism, yet no prospective longitudinal studies have examined its role in severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). This study aimed to evaluate the association between oral\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the onset of S-ECC in a longitudinal setting. This prospective birth cohort study (2018 to 2023) enrolled 186 low-income pregnant women in their third trimester in Western New York, United States. Overall, 160 eligible infants born to these women were followed from birth to 2 y at 7 time points. Oral samples were collected to assess\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The primary outcome was the onset of S-ECC. Two-step LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator)\u2013penalized logistic regression models were developed to identify predictive factors for S-ECC from 234 covariates grouped by their proximal association with S-ECC: infant oral microorganisms, biological-environmental factors, and maternal characteristics. Logistic regression was used to validate the association between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and S-ECC. Among the 118 children who completed the study, 28% developed S-ECC. The racial background of the cohort was 57% Black, 21% White, and 22% other. Oral\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonized in 12% of infants at 1 wk, peaking at 57% by 18 mo. Salivary\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was associated with a 4.47-fold increased risk for S-ECC (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI, 1.28 to 15.58;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02), in addition to other risk factors, including plaque score (OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 2.10 to 12.83) and salivary\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (OR, 9.74; 95% CI, 2.27 to 41.79).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrated strong time sensitivity in predicting S-ECC as early as 1 mo, contrasting with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which exhibited predictive ability after 1 y. Oral\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    could serve as a novel biological marker for predicting ECC risk in infancy, shining a light on opportunities to develop innovative caries-predictive and preventive strategies targeting fungal contributions in pediatric care settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251340040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T01:26:17Z","timestamp":1750987577000},"page":"1470-1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Birth Cohort Study Identifies\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    as a Risk Factor for Dental Caries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3961-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Alkhars","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of General Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5990-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Al Jallad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.T.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"van Wijngaarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0798-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.T.","family":"Kopycka-Kedzierawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Billings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Fiscella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 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