{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:59:54Z","timestamp":1792598394189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\u00b0 2020\/04684-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0 2020\/04684-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the distinct microbiological and immunologic characteristics of peri-implantitis as compared with periodontitis. Both diseases are biofilm-driven inflammatory conditions affecting supportive tissues around teeth or implants, but their specific causes remain not fully understood. A cross-sectional study was carried out to compare the microbial profiles (i.e., composition and functional activity), the inflammatory mediators in crevicular fluid, and the potential impact of titanium particles in peri-implantitis. Twenty patients with moderate to severe periodontitis and 20 with peri-implantitis were included. Clinical assessments were performed, and biofilms were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis. Gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant crevicular fluid were obtained to measure inflammatory markers and titanium levels (peri-implantitis group only). Results showed significant differences in microbial diversity between peri-implantitis and periodontitis. Specifically, peri-implantitis displayed enrichment of species such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus parasanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aerococcus viridans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, the immune response in peri-implantitis appeared skewed toward a Th2\/Th17 dominance. Analysis of the biofilm\u2019s functional activity presented heightened expression of genes associated with flagella, bacterial chemotaxis, and various metabolic pathways in the peri-implantitis group. Interestingly, titanium levels modulate the overall microbial community structure, are associated with the abundance of certain peri-implantitis\u2013associated species, and are positively correlated with Th17 levels in PICF. Peri-implantitis harbors distinct microbial communities and inflammatory patterns, potentially influenced by titanium particles. These findings suggest a unique environment driving tissue destruction in peri-implantitis as compared with periodontitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251344585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T06:35:51Z","timestamp":1752820551000},"page":"267-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Unraveling the Microbial Mosaic and Inflammatory Core of Peri-implantitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1743-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.C.V.","family":"Casarin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9817-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.M.","family":"Bonilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0619-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.B.","family":"Cerquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.S.","family":"Stolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.P.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University\u2013UNIP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.A.M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University\u2013UNIP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.F.","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Informatics Core, Research Resource Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil"},{"name":"S\u00e3o Francisco University, Bragan\u00e7a Paulista, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.Z.","family":"Casati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-1667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.M.","family":"Shaddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Research Building, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.P.","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Research Building, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.F.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"J Clin Periodontol","author":"Berglundh T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, Chen S, Cochran D, Derks J, Figuero E, et al. 2018. 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