{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T09:57:21Z","timestamp":1793267841243,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grant Council General Research Fund","award":["17100421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17100421"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clinicians have recommended, with no scientific evidence, increasing the application times of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to foster caries arrest. The current study determined the rate of carious lesion activity in response to topical 38% SDF with increasing treatment application time. A 6-mo, stratified-randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group trial compared 9 treatment arms. The primary outcome was carious lesion activity at the tooth-surface level 6\u2009mo after initial treatment. Participants included 665 children aged 3 to 4\u2009y with 2,106 carious teeth (234 teeth\/group) with 3,024 active carious tooth surfaces. The carious teeth were block randomized into 9 groups with SDF application times of 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180\u2009s. The dose (SDF application time) and response (proportion of active carious tooth surfaces becoming arrested) were modeled using multiple dose-response models. At the 6-mo examination, 642 children with 2,038 SDF-treated carious teeth and 2,939 SDF-treated carious tooth surfaces were evaluated. The estimated proportion of inactive (arrested) lesions (%) increased over time from 75% at 4\u2009s, to 80% at 16\u2009s, and 84% at 60\u2009s. Among the multiple dose-response models, the Emax model provided the best fit. The estimated rate of the proportion of arrested lesions (%s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) reduced over time from 0.1%s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 30\u2009s to 0.05%s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 43\u2009s. An estimated 16-s application time was required to arrest 80% of caries lesions. The proportion of arrested lesions was associated with lesion-surface type (single\/multiple) and tooth location (anterior\/posterior). A 16-s application time was estimated to arrest 88% of single tooth-surface lesions in anterior teeth, compared with 66% of multiple tooth-surface lesions in posterior teeth. In conclusion, the trial found an increase in the proportion of arrested lesions with increasing SDF application time, although the rate of the proportion of arrested lesions decreased over application time. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04655430)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251345801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:22:44Z","timestamp":1751242964000},"page":"1453-1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Trial of Silver Diamine Fluoride Application Time"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"I.G.","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.M.","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.G.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.C.M.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Duangthip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8167-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.H.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque","volume":"25","author":"Ainamo J","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ainamo J, Bay I. 1975. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 25(4):229\u2013235.","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0810767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2018.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517728496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0171-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"UCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications and consent","volume":"44","author":"Horst JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Milgrom PL. 2016. UCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications and consent. J Calif Dent Assoc. 44(1):16\u201328.","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.58318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","article-title":"A comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride at different time durations of application in treating carious primary teeth: a randomized trial","volume":"15","author":"Thakur S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thakur S, Sojan M, Singhal P, Chauhan D. 2022. A comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride at different time durations of application in treating carious primary teeth: a randomized trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 15(suppl 2):S147\u2013S150.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twisk JWR. 2006. Applied multilevel analysis: a practical guide for medical researchers. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2023. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: executive summary of the report of the 24th WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines; 24\u201328 April 2023. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization [accessed 2024 Dec 11]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06130-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182211934"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345251345801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00220345251345801","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345251345801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:09:28Z","timestamp":1777496968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345251345801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345251345801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345251345801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]}}}