{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:23:12Z","timestamp":1790108592522,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Research Fund, Research Council of Hong Kong SAR, China","award":["Project No. 17100220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 17100220"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This retrospective observational study investigated the association between kindergarten dental outreach service provided by the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, and dental caries experience and treatment received among primary school students using electronic data retrieved from the School Dental Care Service (SDCS) provided by the Hong Kong government. The outreach service encompassed oral examination, oral health education, and silver diamine fluoride application. Grade 3 or 4 primary school students participating in the SDCS were recruited from school dental clinics in 2022. Questionnaire surveys were administered to children and their parents. Children\u2019s clinical records since primary school entry were obtained from the SDCS. Children were classified into the exposure group if they attended kindergartens that received outreach services from 2015 to 2019; others were classified as the nonexposure group. The inverse probability weighting method was used to adjust for confounding. Among 964 children with clinical data, 180 (18.7%) were in the exposure group, and 784 (81.3%) were in the nonexposure group. From grades 1 to 3, the respective prevalences of caries experience were 54.6%, 60.7%, and 57.6% and the mean (SD) dmft scores were 2.5 (3.1), 2.4 (2.8), and 2.0 (2.4). After adjustment, the exposure group showed a lower prevalence of decayed primary teeth in grade 3 (difference, \u20139.8%; 95% CI, \u201318.0% to \u20131.6%;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.019) and a lower mean number of decayed primary teeth in grade 2 (difference, \u20130.4; 95% CI, \u20130.7 to \u20130.1;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017). Children received a mean (SD) 6.6 (5.7) treatment items over 3 school years, with annual means of 2.7 (3.3), 2.0 (3.0), and 1.9 (2.2) from grades 1 to 3. No significant association was found between exposure and treatment received. In conclusion, the outreach service demonstrates a promising long-term impact in preventing caries in primary teeth among primary school children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251347943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T06:40:43Z","timestamp":1752820843000},"page":"217-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long-term Impact of Kindergarten Dental Outreach Service on School Students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4818-4382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.C.M.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8167-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.H.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7899-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.C.M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9912-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2010.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0810767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20652-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Fleming E Afful J. 2018. Prevalence of total and untreated dental caries among youth: United States 2015\u20132016. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics. p. 1\u20138. NCHS data brief 307."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0493-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell FEJr. 2015. Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models logistic and ordinal regression and survival analysis. 2nd ed. Cham (Switzerland): Springer Cham.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"Hernan MA Robins JM. 2023. Causal inference: what if. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515573272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little RJA Rubin DB. 2019. Statistical analysis with missing data. 3rd ed. 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