{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T09:54:02Z","timestamp":1793872442893,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The mouth is referred to as \u201cthe mirror of health and disease in the body.\u201d This review critically examines the comorbidity between systemic diseases and oral lichen planus, an autoimmune disorder affecting the oral mucosa with malignant potential and of high worldwide prevalence. Research has indicated that patients with oral lichen planus are significantly predisposed to diabetes mellitus (pooled proportion [PP]\u2009=\u20099.77%, odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.64,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Hashimoto thyroiditis (PP\u2009=\u20098.60%, OR\u2009=\u20092.2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hypothyroidism (PP\u2009=\u20098.14%, OR\u2009=\u20091.65,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02), hyperthyroidism (PP\u2009=\u20092.84%, OR\u2009=\u20092.11,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007), celiac disease (PP\u2009=\u20097.14%, OR\u2009=\u20094.09,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hepatitis C (PP\u2009=\u20097.14%, OR\u2009=\u20094.09,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hepatitis B (PP\u2009=\u20093.90%, OR\u2009=\u20091.62,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02), steatohepatitis (PP\u2009=\u20097.06%, OR\u2009=\u20095.71,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05), liver cirrhosis (PP\u2009=\u20094.27%, OR\u2009=\u20095.8,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), depression (PP\u2009=\u200931.19%, OR\u2009=\u20096.15,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), anxiety (PP\u2009=\u200954.76%, OR\u2009=\u20093.51,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and stress (PP\u2009=\u200941.10%, OR\u2009=\u20093.64,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005). A good knowledge of these associations may assist primary care physicians, dentists, and other oral health professionals involved in the management of patients with oral lichen planus since many patients may be unaware of these associations and could have an impact on their general health. Some of these diseases, such as diabetes, have a role in the development of oral lichen planus. In addition, most of these comorbidities act as risk factors for cancer of different locations: liver, thyroid, small intestine, and the oral cavity. Current evidence indicates a high prevalence and a higher risk of systemic diseases in patients with oral lichen planus compared with the general population. Future research is recommended to increase our knowledge of pathobiology and clinical management of these associations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251385966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:34:58Z","timestamp":1763534098000},"page":"31-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Oral Lichen Planus and Systemic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Warnakulasuriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ramos-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0791-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.\u00c1.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs. 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