{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T15:49:01Z","timestamp":1782143341654,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TETF\/ES\/UNIV\/LAGOS \/TSAS\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TETF\/ES\/UNIV\/LAGOS \/TSAS\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Conventional bioactive glasses enhance mineralization in glass-ionomer cements (GICs), but their high sodium content adversely affects mechanical performance, limiting clinical utility. To address the limitations of bioactive glass, this study explores a novel sodium-free, fluoride- and magnesium-enriched bioactive glass (J-BAG) in GICs. The mechanical performance, ion release, antibacterial efficacy against multispecies cariogenic biofilms, and mineralization capacity were investigated. The J-BAG (38.3SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20136P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u201343.9CaO\u20136.8CaF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20135MgO) and two experimental ionomer glasses were synthesized using the melt-quench technique. A new ionomer glass, LG99Sr-Mg-Zn, with molar composition (4.5SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20133Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20131.5P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20133SrF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20130.5SrO\u20131MgO\u20130.5ZnO), was developed from a previously established LG99Sr (4.5SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20133Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20131.5P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20133SrF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u20132SrO), with Fuji IX (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) serving as the reference material. Incorporating J-BAG at 5 and 10 weight% into the experimental Mg-Zn and reference GICs resulted in significant improvements in compressive and flexural strength as well as microhardness, compared with unmodified GICs, with further gains noted postmaturation. However, mechanical properties declined at 15% loading, especially with finer J-BAG particles. Therefore, the 5% J-BAG\u2013loaded LG99Sr-Mg-Zn (LG5) and 10% J-BAG\u2013loaded Fuji IX (F10) formulations were selected for further testing. LG5 and F10 exhibited significantly enhanced fluoride release, along with elevated magnesium and zinc release from LG5. Antibacterial assays revealed biofilm inhibition and reduced live biomass (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) compared with controls. Mineralization studies confirmed that higher J-BAG concentrations and longer immersion in media led to greater mineral deposition. In addition, LG5 and F10 facilitated mineral deposition on demineralized dentine surfaces and partially occluded dentinal tubules. In conclusion, the incorporation of J-BAG at 5% in Mg-Zn\u2013fortified GIC and 10% in Fuji IX simultaneously enhanced mechanical properties, ion release, mineralization, and antibacterial performance. This multifunctionality supports the therapeutic and restorative roles of GICs in clinical dentistry. It offers a promising solution for atraumatic restorative treatments and long-term tooth rehabilitation in patients at high risk of caries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345251392515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:10:32Z","timestamp":1764223832000},"page":"899-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Multifunctional Potential of Bioactive Glass-Ionomer Cements"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.O.","family":"Makanjuola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral, Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.G.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral, Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Aduse-Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Banerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Distance Learning, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral, Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Khafaji TJ Wong F Fleming PS Karpukhina N Hill R. 2019. 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