{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:04:42Z","timestamp":1786118682017,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE030972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE030972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD036207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD036207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD028600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007795","name":"Stowers Institute for Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Organs and tissues develop in close association with the vasculature, which transports blood and nutrients and helps to remove waste. The vasculature is composed primarily of endothelial cells, which provide structure, form barriers, and are a source of developmental signals. We recently found that Mediator, a multiprotein complex that regulates transcription, was essential for proper vascular development. Here, we investigated the specific role of the Mediator tail subunit Med23 in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell\u2013specific knockout of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Med23<\/jats:italic>\n                    in mouse embryos using\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tek-Cre<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in vascular anomalies, including edema, hemorrhage, and mispatterned vasculature, alongside craniofacial defects such as micrognathia and cleft palate. Spatial transcriptomics revealed the downregulated expression of key vascular and osteogenic genes in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Med23<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vegfr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Col1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with altered signaling dynamics between endothelial and osteoblast populations. Elevated hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1\u03b1) expression and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling were observed in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Med23<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, suggesting a hypoxia-driven suppression of neural crest cell\u2013derived osteoblast maturation. Consistent with this model, the pharmacologic inhibition of HIF1\u03b1, combined with VEGFA supplementation, rescued craniofacial ossification and extended embryonic viability. These findings reveal a critical role for Med23 in coordinating vascular patterning and intramembranous ossification and highlight distinct hypoxic and angiogenic requirements in craniofacial dermal bone versus axial and appendicular endochondral bone development. Thus, the cranial vasculature, and more specifically endothelial cells, plays an instructive role in neural crest cell and osteogenic differentiation during cranioskeletal development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345261463156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:37:52Z","timestamp":1785832672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vascular Patterning Shapes Intramembranous Ossification via the HIF1\u03b1\u2013VEGF Axis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9030-3341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Dash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA"},{"name":"RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY Albany, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Rettig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Gogol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.A.","family":"Trainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA"},{"name":"University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An Z et al. 2018. 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