{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:51:07Z","timestamp":1793742667425,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,1]],"date-time":"1986-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":515289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined 102 children born and reared in an area of rural Kenya with 2 ppm fluoride in the drinking water for dental fluorosis, using the index developed by Thylstrup and Fejerskov (1978). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 100%, 92% of all teeth exhibited a TFI score of 4 or higher, and 50% of the children had pitting or more severe enamel damage in at least half the teeth present. The fluorotic changes showed a high degree of bilateral symmetry. The intra-oral distribution of the changes corresponded to the pattern of fluoride-induced enamel changes reported by other investigators in high-fluoride areas. The high prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in a 2-ppm-fluoride area is in accordance with recent observations on dental fluorosis being very prevalent in Kenya, even in low-fluoride areas (&lt;1 ppm F). We are presently investigating the possible variables which may explain this unexpected susceptibility of large populations in Eastern Africa to fluorosis from exposure to low levels of fluoride.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345860650050501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,28]],"date-time":"2010-11-28T21:14:56Z","timestamp":1290978896000},"page":"659-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Dental Fluorosis in an Area of Kenya with 2 ppm Fluoride in the Drinking Water"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Manji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Medical Research Centre, Oral Health Research Unit, PO Box 20752, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Baelum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Dental College, Vennelyst Boulevard, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Fejerskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Dental College, Vennelyst Boulevard, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","author":"Baelum, V.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"1421","volume":"21","author":"Dean, H.T.","year":"1934","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Dean, H.T. (1942): The Investigation of Physiological Effects by the Epidemiological Method. In: Fluorine in Dental Health. F.R. Moulton, Ed. Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 23-31."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4588461"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1985.tb00452.x"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345850640081101"},{"key":"atypb7","author":"Larsen, M.J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000260892"},{"key":"atypb9","author":"Manji, F.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1967.0079"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"243","volume":"91","author":"Thylstrup, A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1978.tb01173.x"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"105","volume":"87","author":"Thylstrup, A.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Maternal and Child Health in Rural Kenya: An Epidemiological Study","author":"van Ginneken, J.K.","year":"1984"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345860650050501","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345860650050501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:01:27Z","timestamp":1777496487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345860650050501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345860650050501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345860650050501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]}}}