{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:10:20Z","timestamp":1778260220486,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]],"date-time":"1995-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":812505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The hypotheses to be tested were: (i) that chewing sugar-free gum frequently and for long periods would be associated with higher amounts of supragingival calculus, and (ii) that there would be no site-specificity of calculus deposition on the lingual surfaces of the 6 lower anterior teeth. Subjects, 436 in Glasgow and 191 in Winnipeg, were scored for calculus at mesial, lingual, and distal sites on the lingual surface of each of the 6 lower anterior teeth, by the Volpe-Manhold method. They also answered questions on the time since the last prophylaxis, the frequency of gum chewing, the type of gum chewed, and the length of a typical gum-chewing episode. A subset (233) of the Glasgow subjects were scaled and re-scored for calculus 3 months later. When the data for the logarithmic transformations of the initial calculus scores were subjected to stepwise multiple-regression analysis, the only factor which correlated significantly with initial calculus scores in both cities was the time since the last prophylaxis. In the Glasgow subjects scored 3 months after a prophylaxis, there was a negative correlation between chewing sugar-free gum and calculus scores, whereas in the Winnipeg subjects, age and the chewing of sucrose-containing and sugar-free gum were positively correlated with calculus scores. Thus, the results were contradictory with respect to the first-tested hypothesis. The calculus distribution patterns were very similar in the subset of Glasgow subjects and the Winnipeg subjects, with the amounts on the lateral incisors and canines averaging 70.2% and 44.5%, respectively, of those on the central incisors. Thus, the second hypothesis was disproved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345950740101401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"1715-1720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Site-specificity of Supragingival Calculus Deposition on the Lingual Surfaces of the Six Permanent Lower Anterior Teeth in Humans and the Effects of Age, Sex, Gum-chewing Habits, and the Time Since the Last Prophylaxis on Calculus Scores"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"L.M.D.","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.C.","family":"Girardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.J.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.W.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E OW2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"303","volume":"66","author":"Ainamo J.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Suom Hammarsl\u00e4\u00e4k Toim"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01128.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb3","first-page":"3","volume":"11","author":"Barnett ML","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Prev Dent"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"55","volume":"1","author":"Beiswanger BB","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Dent"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4804378"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"323","volume":"41","author":"Cutress TW","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720050401"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807129"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720100801"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374940080022601"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1966.37.6.495"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"184","volume":"5","author":"Volpe AR","year":"1967","journal-title":"Periodontics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345950740101401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345950740101401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:03:30Z","timestamp":1777496610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345950740101401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345950740101401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345950740101401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}}}