{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:23:51Z","timestamp":1790007831531,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]],"date-time":"1996-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":838857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen-expressing cells are generally associated with the early phase of the immune response. We have studied the distribution of class II-expressing cells in developing, normal, and carious human teeth to clarify when human pulp acquires an immunologic defense potential and how this reacts to dental caries. Antigen-expressing cells were identified immunohistochemically by means of HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. In the pulp of unerupted developing teeth, numerous HLA-DR-positive cells were distributed mainly in and around the odontoblast layer. In erupted teeth, HLA-DR-positive cells were located, for the most part, just beneath the odontoblast layer, with slender cytoplasmic processes extending into the layer. Superficial caries lesions caused an aggregation of HLA-DR-positive cells in dental pulp corresponding to the lesion. In teeth with deeper caries lesions, this aggregation of cells expanded to include the odontoblast layer. Also noted were HLA-DR-positive cells lying along the pulp-dentin border, with cytoplasmic processes projecting deep into the dentinal tubules, where they co-localized with odontoblast processes. These findings suggest that: (1) human dental pulp is equipped with immunologic defense potential prior to eruption; (2) in the initial stage of caries infection, an immunoresponse mediated by class-II-expressing cells is initiated in human dental pulp; and (3) HLA-DR-positive cells trespass deep into dentinal tubules as the caries lesion advances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750081001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"1585-1589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Immunohistochemical Localization of HLA-DR-positive Cells in Unerupted and Erupted Normal and Carious Human Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Yoshiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 5274, Gakkochodori 2-bancho, Niigata 951, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Yoshiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 5274, Gakkochodori 2-bancho, Niigata 951, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 5274, Gakkochodori 2-bancho, Niigata 951, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Iwaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 5274, Gakkochodori 2-bancho, Niigata 951, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University School of Dentistry, 5274, Gakkochodori 2-bancho, Niigata 951, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-0421-7_21"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"1631","volume":"34","author":"Arai H.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Jpn J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00864.x"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720031001"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81568-2"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83496-7_5"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08108.x"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Ghosh AK, Gatter KC, Mason DY (1984). Immunocytochemical characterization of monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies. In: Disease markers. Steel CM, editor. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., pp. 223-233."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/363159a0"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(95)00024-J"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"344","volume":"88","author":"Jontell M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Finn Dent Soc"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660061101"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345880670100301"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"384","volume":"99","author":"Jontell M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730050701"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"1474","volume":"35","author":"Kosaka T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2457950"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGillis JP, Mitsuhoshi M., Payan DG (1992). Immunologic properties of substance P. In: Psychoneuroimmunology. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 209-223.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-043780-1.50011-7"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.1.45","volume":"143","author":"Nong Y.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.57.435"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008209509013738"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345920710051201"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.001415"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345960750081001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345960750081001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:05:24Z","timestamp":1777496724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345960750081001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345960750081001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345960750081001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}}}