{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:48:53Z","timestamp":1790894933530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]],"date-time":"1998-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In amalgam, mercury is intended to take the form of stable intermetallic compounds. Any mercury leakage must therefore come from free mercury not involved in such compounds. Thus, a knowledge of the exact surface chemistry of dental amalgam is necessary if this phenomenon is to be understood. From XPS and EDS analyses, a model of the surface chemistry of amalgam is proposed which fully characterizes all the phases that are present. The data show the surface to have a composition different from that of the bulk, being comprised of a hydrocarbon deposit and adsorbed water covering the intermetallic phase \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (Sn\n                    <jats:sub>6-8<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), tin (iv) oxide, and mercury in a free state. After amalgamation, the amount of mercury at the surface decreases with time and eventually attains a constant concentration, where it is all involved in the \u03b3\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    phase, leaving no free mercury. A model is proposed for the surface of amalgam and the changes in this model with time.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345980770120801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"1999-2004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surface Chemistry of a High-copper Dental Amalgam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"A.J.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Surface & Interface Analysis, Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kothari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremount Crescent S10 2TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Surface & Interface Analysis, Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"van Noort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremount Crescent S10 2TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Bailer JC, Emeleus HJ , Nyholm R, Trotman-Dickenson AF, editors (1973). Comprehensive inorganic chemistry. Vol. 2. Oxford: Pergamon, p. 64."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720051601"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Practical surface analysis","author":"Briggs D","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"ed. Chichester: Wiley."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(96)00077-2","volume":"25","author":"Brown D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345950740071401"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.12.118"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345870660091201"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"159","volume":"177","author":"Jones DW","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345900690050901"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/STP39057S"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760011301"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740020503"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730110601"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Report of a State-of-the-Art Conference in Stockholm, April 9-10","author":"Swedish Medical Research Council"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0368-2048(78)85047-6"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Introduction to dental materials","author":"Van Noort R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50059a017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345980770120801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00220345980770120801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:00:29Z","timestamp":1777496429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00220345980770120801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00220345980770120801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345980770120801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0345","1544-0591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0345","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-0591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}}}