{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:22:47Z","timestamp":1777810967014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]],"date-time":"1999-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":933465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dent Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a chronic systemic disease of childhood that affects synovial joints including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Individuals with JRA of the TMJ frequently show aberrations in mandibulofacial development. Since the basis for these developmental perturbations is poorly understood, they remain a perplexing clinical problem to manage. To begin dissecting the mechanisms for altered craniofacial development in JRA of the TMJ, we characterized the gross morphologic adaptations in the facial skeleton in a juvenile animal model of TMJ arthritis. Arthritis was induced in ten 87-day-old male rabbits by intra-articular challenge with ovalbumin. Eight sham-challenged and 4 unchallenged rabbits were used as controls. Serial lateral head cephalograms, taken at 73 (T1), 87 (T2), 108 (T3), 129 (T4), and 150 (T5) days of age, were evaluated by linear measures of maxillary, mandibular, and posterior dental height dimensions. Differences in the absolute dimensions and relative percent incremental changes were compared by ANOVA and Fisher's test. The body weights, as well as the absolute measures and incremental changes in maxillary and posterior dental height dimensions, were not significantly different between the antigen-challenged and control groups. In contrast, absolute measures of posterior mandibular height, condylar neck height, and total mandibular length were significantly smaller (P &lt; 0.05) in antigen-challenged rabbits than in both control groups at T5. Furthermore, the antigen-challenged rabbits demonstrated significantly smaller (P &lt; 0.05) relative increases in all measures of mandibular length, and in total posterior mandibular and condylar neck heights. Cephalometric superimpositions on the cranial base and tantalum implants confirmed these quantitative observations. This investigation demonstrates mandibulofacial developmental aberrations in experimental JRA-like disease of the TMJ that are similar to those observed in humans with this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345990780080801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T19:39:42Z","timestamp":1231443582000},"page":"1426-1435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mandibulofacial Adaptations in a Juvenile Animal Model of Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Tavakkoli-Jou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly graduate resident in orthodontics and currently in private practice"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Development, Box 0640, 521 Parnassus Avenue, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0640"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kapila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Development, Box 0640, 521 Parnassus Avenue, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0640"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009746409165228"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"329","volume":"44","author":"Barriga B.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8832(11)80061-2"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016355509028170"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345630420014701"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.1.1"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"763","volume":"67","author":"Borchorst E.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"122","volume":"19","author":"Blasberg B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Bywaters Egl (1982). Juvenile chronic arthritis. In: Advances in inflammation research. Rheumatoid arthritis. Ziff M, Velo GP, Gorini S, editors. New York: Raven Press, pp. 179-190."},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"66","volume":"58","author":"Capurso U.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dent Cadmos"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"321","volume":"46","author":"Caulfield JP","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067342"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"739","volume":"69","author":"Edwards Jcw","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"728","volume":"78","author":"Engel MB","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"262","volume":"10","author":"Forsberg M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035973"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Harris ED Jr (1989). Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In: Textbook of rheumatology. Kelly WN, Harris ED Jr, Ruddy S, Sledge CB , editors. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, pp. 905-942."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Kaban LB (1990). Pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgery. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 335-341."},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Kapila S., Trosien A. (1996). Pathophysiology and mandibulofacial developmental aberrations in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of the TMJ. In: Orthodontic treatment: management of unfavorable sequelae. Craniofacial Growth Series, Monograph Number 31. McNamara JA, Trotman CA, editors. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 333-364."},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"339","volume":"69","author":"Kapila S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapila S, Lee C, Tavakkoli-Jou MR, Miller AJ, Richards DW (1995). Development and histologic characterization of an animal model of antigen-induced arthritis of the juvenile rabbit temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res 74:1870-1879. Karhulahti T, R\u00f6nning 0, Jamsa T (1990). Mandibular condyle lesions, jaw movements, and occlusal status in 15 year-old children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 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