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Over a 4-year period, 7,419 HIV outreach encounters were conducted with MSM ( n = 6,243) and transgender women ( n = 1,176). Logistic and negative binomial regressions estimated associations between sociodemographics, incarceration history, housing status, and methamphetamine use. Incarceration history was associated with marginal housing or homelessness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.4) and with increased likelihood (AOR = 6.00) and adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR = 3.57) of methamphetamine use. African American\/Black MSM and transgender women were more likely to report a recent incarceration history compared with non-African American\/Black participants (AOR = 2.18). Incarceration history was associated with a HIV-positive status (AOR = 1.69), and transgender women were 5.2 times more likely to report recent incarceration relative to MSM. Understanding these associations may provide a basis for developing interventions that account for the social factors influencing health outcomes among these two high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042617696917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T00:42:41Z","timestamp":1489106561000},"page":"383-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Associations Between Methamphetamine Use, Housing Status, and Incarceration Rates Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kaston D.","family":"Anderson-Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA"},{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse B.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends Research Institute, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy J.","family":"Reback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA"},{"name":"Friends Research Institute, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302905"},{"key":"bibr2-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0869-x"},{"key":"bibr3-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300796"},{"key":"bibr4-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300433"},{"key":"bibr5-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301786"},{"key":"bibr6-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014564"},{"key":"bibr7-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105313507964"},{"key":"bibr8-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0368-1"},{"key":"bibr9-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-009-9422-z"},{"key":"bibr10-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.118"},{"key":"bibr11-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.03.023"},{"key":"bibr12-0022042617696917","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9970-6"},{"key":"bibr13-0022042617696917","unstructured":"Glaze L. 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