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Group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression were performed.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both conviction and incarceration increased the likelihood of being in a binge drinking, marijuana use or hard drug-use class, rather than being in the non- or low-use reference class. The pattern of justice system involvement (JSI) increasing the odds of being in a problem substance use class was seen more consistently for conviction than incarceration. Juvenile substance use \u2013 marijuana particularly \u2013 predicted adult substance use.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Taking steps to ameliorate the impact of justice system involvement on individuals\u2019 subsequent life and health trajectories should be an area of concern for researchers and practitioners.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00220426251375885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T16:24:56Z","timestamp":1757003096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Justice System Involvement As a Risk Factor for Substance Use Into Mid-Thirties"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connie","family":"Hassett-Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Criminology &amp; Criminal Justice, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","volume-title":"Criminology","author":"Adler F.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adler F., Mueller G., Laufer W. 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