{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:26:41Z","timestamp":1779334001301,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Health Soc Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The stress process model predicts that current incarceration of a family member should damage the health status of the inmate\u2019s relatives. We address this prediction with data from the National Survey of American Life, focusing exclusively on African American men ( n = 1,168). In survey-adjusted generalized linear models, we find that familial incarceration increases psychological distress, but its effect attenuates ostensibly after controlling for other chronic strains. Familial incarceration remains statistically insignificant with the introduction of mastery and family emotional support and their respective interactions with familial incarceration. However, a statistical interaction between familial incarceration and former incarceration reveals that levels of psychological distress are significantly higher among never-incarcerated respondents whose family members are incarcerated but significantly lower among formerly incarcerated respondents whose family members are incarcerated. We conclude that familial incarceration\u2019s influence on black men\u2019s mental health status may be more complex than extant theory predicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146516645924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T21:23:19Z","timestamp":1464902599000},"page":"240-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Imprisoned by Empathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tony N.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Laske","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelyn J.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022146516645924","volume-title":"Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City","author":"Anderson Elijah","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr2-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.000311"},{"key":"bibr3-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2003.00195.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1106-3"},{"key":"bibr5-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.17629"},{"key":"bibr6-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9614-1"},{"key":"bibr7-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.lawsocsci.3.081806.112829"},{"key":"bibr8-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2007.00472.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0022146516645924","first-page":"1045","volume":"5","author":"Ewald Alec","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wisconsin Law Review"},{"key":"bibr10-0022146516645924","volume-title":"Desisting from Crime: Continuity and Change in Long-term Crime Patterns of Serious Chronic Offenders","author":"Ezell Michael E.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr11-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2007.54.4.399"},{"key":"bibr12-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006700"},{"key":"bibr13-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e513862010-001"},{"key":"bibr14-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2006.00262.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0022146516645924","volume-title":"Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates","author":"Goffman Erving","year":"1961"},{"key":"bibr16-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122411400054"},{"key":"bibr17-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.179"},{"key":"bibr18-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.182"},{"key":"bibr19-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.177"},{"key":"bibr20-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074"},{"key":"bibr21-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095420"},{"key":"bibr22-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12114-011-9112-4"},{"key":"bibr23-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301504"},{"key":"bibr24-0022146516645924","volume-title":"Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy","author":"Manza Jeff","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr25-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900105"},{"key":"bibr26-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01433.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520070"},{"key":"bibr28-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.49.2.481"},{"key":"bibr29-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240907400505"},{"key":"bibr30-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0123"},{"key":"bibr31-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136956"},{"key":"bibr32-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136676"},{"key":"bibr33-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600206"},{"key":"bibr34-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136319"},{"key":"bibr35-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240406900201"},{"key":"bibr36-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800202"},{"key":"bibr37-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000026"},{"key":"bibr38-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146512453928"},{"key":"bibr39-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198908000-00001"},{"key":"bibr40-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1519795"},{"key":"bibr41-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2096348"},{"key":"bibr42-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988313484056"},{"key":"bibr43-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2012.00998.x"},{"key":"bibr44-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146512462400"},{"key":"bibr45-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2011.00740.x"},{"key":"bibr46-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240206700403"},{"key":"bibr47-0022146516645924","first-page":"171","volume-title":"A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems","author":"Wheaton Blair","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr48-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0052"},{"key":"bibr49-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2010.0055"},{"key":"bibr50-0022146516645924","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122411436234"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health and Social Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022146516645924","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022146516645924","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022146516645924","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:40:46Z","timestamp":1777452046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022146516645924"}},"subtitle":["Familial Incarceration and Psychological Distress among African American Men in the National Survey of American Life"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022146516645924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022146516645924","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1465","2150-6000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1465","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-6000","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}