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Rising drug overdoses undermined the state\u2019s ability to promote population-level health. Using the case of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), we contend that PDMP implementation highlights state biopower operating via mechanisms of surveillance, whereby prescribers, pharmacists, and patients perceive agency despite choices being constrained. We consider whether such surveillance mechanisms are sufficient or if prescriber\/dispenser access or requirements for use are necessary for population health impact. We test whether PDMPs reduced overdose mortality while considering that surveillance may require time to reach effectiveness. PDMPs reduced opioid overdose mortality 2 years postimplementation and sustained effects, with similar effects for prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, and psychostimulants. Access or mandates for action do not reduce mortality beyond surveillance. Overall, PDMP effects on overdose mortality are likely due to self-regulation under surveillance rather than mandated action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465211067209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T02:09:36Z","timestamp":1641780576000},"page":"337-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surveillance, Self-Governance, and Mortality: The Impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on U.S. Overdose Mortality, 2000\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2916-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Vuolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Frizzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412993869"},{"key":"bibr2-00221465211067209","volume":"17","author":"Atluri Sairam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"bibr3-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061"},{"key":"bibr4-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1673"},{"key":"bibr5-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807305"},{"key":"bibr6-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01075.x"},{"key":"bibr7-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918774330"},{"key":"bibr8-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.026"},{"key":"bibr9-00221465211067209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112"},{"key":"bibr10-00221465211067209","volume-title":"Specific Drugs Involved in Drug Poisoning Deaths, 2008\u20132013","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr11-00221465211067209","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. 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