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This study considers how two components of the cultural authority of public health influenced compliance with health guidelines during the pandemic: (1) individuals\u2019 views of public health officials as legitimate and (2) the shared value of health. I also examine the influence of other basic values, alongside health, on pandemic behavior. Data come from an original survey of 1,356 U.S. adults collected online in spring 2022. Findings reveal the pivotal role of perceived legitimacy of public health authorities in motivating compliance, even when considering perceived threat of the virus, political orientation, and other contextual factors. Results provide insight into why people complied with health guidelines by indicating how variation in individuals\u2019 value priorities influenced behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465241312696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T13:33:50Z","timestamp":1738157630000},"page":"547-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cultural Authority and (Non) Compliance with Public Health Directives: The Effect of Legitimacy and Values on Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Hawks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11133-021-09492-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","unstructured":"Authers John. 2021. \u201cCovid Pitted Life against Liberty and Vanquished Both.\u201d Bloomberg May 9. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2021-05-09\/covid-liberty-and-responsibility-where-s-the-line-kognfnb6."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203254602"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12835"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.90.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Medical Sociology","author":"Collier Stephen J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Collier Stephen J., Lakoff Andrew. 2010. \u201cHealth, Security, and New Biological Threats: Reconfigurations of Expertise.\u201d Pp. 363\u201379 in Handbook of Medical Sociology, edited by Bird C. 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