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Using cluster analysis, this study empirically divided children with ADHD (N = 54), based on their Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and reading ability. Four distinct subgroups emerged in which cognitive, behavioral, and neurochemical function was compared. Cluster 1 was of average FSIQ and reading scores; Cluster 2 was of average FSIQ but showed impairment in reading; Cluster 3 had high FSIQ and reading scores; and Cluster 4 had low scores in both domains. The groups had different patterns of cognitive, behavioral, and neurochemical function, as determined by discrepancies in Verbal-Performance IQ, academic achievement scores, parent aggression ratings, and a measure of noradrenergic function. These distinctions are discussed with regard to etiology, treatment, and long-term outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"297-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["ADHD and Reading Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Marcela A.","family":"Bonafina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The City University of New York (CUNY)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Newcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian H.","family":"Koda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"neuropsychology doctoral program of CUNY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367-1597"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and revised Child Behavior Profile","author":"Achembach, T.M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0816512200026559"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830050084013"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198909000-00016"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"29","volume":"18","author":"August, G.J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916547"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073891006001S02"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.5.564"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1988.tb01883.x"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.73.6.838"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400205"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"221","volume":"16","author":"Chelune, G.J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Human Development"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"643","volume":"160","author":"Coccaro, E.F.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry,"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810340042005"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917858"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(77)80037-3"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400206"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Dykman, R.A., Ackerman, P.T. & Holcomb, P.J. 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