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Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that naming speed, as measured by the the rapid automatized naming (RAN) task, accounted for a sizable amount of unique variance in reading with vocabulary and phonemic awareness partialled out. The unique contribution of naming speed to reading was relatively stronger for orthographic skills, whereas the contribution of phonemic skills was stronger for nonword decoding. In further analyses, marked difficulties on a range of reading tasks, including orthographic processing, were seen in a subgroup with a double deficit (slow naming speed and low phonemic awareness) but not in groups with only a single deficit. These findings are broadly consistent with Bowers and Wolf's (1993a, 1993b; Wolf &amp; Bowers, 1999) double-deficit hypothesis of reading disability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"325-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["Naming Speed, Phonological Awareness, and Orthographic Knowledge in Second Graders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Franklin R.","family":"Manis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa Michelle","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glendale Unified School District"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaktawahr","family":"Bhadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302600910"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/748018"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026920"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.76.4.610"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01027185"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-3492-9_6"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr0301_2"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(91)90032-N"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development","author":"Bowers, P.G."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026919"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.7194"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.874"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500808"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(76)90075-0"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383373"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Levy, B.A. & Hinchley, J. 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