{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:30:16Z","timestamp":1780493416365,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between verbal and visual-spatial working memory and mathematical computation skill was examined in children and adults with and without disabilities in mathematics. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that, when partialing for the influence of reading ability, age, and gender, mathematical computation was better predicted by verbal than by visual-spatial working memory. Furthermore, the results showed that the relationship between mathematics ability and working memory were not significantly moderated by age but were stable across a broad age span. We concluded that, regardless of age, deficits in mathematics are mediated by both a domain-general and a domain-specific working memory system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"237-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Are Mathematics Disabilities Due to a Domain-General or a Domain-Specific Working Memory Deficit?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Riverside"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Lee","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Riverside, Lee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Working memory. Oxford, UK","author":"Baddeley, A.D.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713755608"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baddeley, A.D. & Logie, R.H. (1999). The multi-component model. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 28-61). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174909.005"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Computer models of mind. Cambridge, UK","author":"Boden, M.A.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649909540759"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.26.6.879"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.19.5.1101"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"204","volume":"17","author":"Clark, J.M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavrioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.123.4.354"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(80)90312-6"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.82.3.420"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.83.1.48"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2896(94)90006-X"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(92)90003-K"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.18.5.972"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.128.3.309"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.2.211"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(85)90088-8"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.345"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.27.5.787"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.8.2.242"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2515"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(78)90002-6"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1991.tb02406.x"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.74.3.360"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.139"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Manual: The Wide Range Achievement Tests","author":"Jastak, J.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000606"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Does strategy knowledge influence working memory in children with mathematical disabilities?","author":"Keeler, M.L."},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1995.1046"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200866"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431687071007"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.88.2.341"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(90)90006-P"},{"key":"atypb36","unstructured":"Salthouse, T.A. (1995). Processing capacity and its role on the relations between age and memory. In F. E. Weinert & W. Schneider (Eds.), Memory performance and competencies: Issues in growth and development (pp. 111-125). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"CALIS (Covariance analysis of linear structural equations): Procedure SAS\/Stat users' guide (Version 6)","author":"SAS Institute.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.1993.1011"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016502549401700107"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131037"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.4.473"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Swanson Cognitive Processing Test (S-CPT): A dynamic assessment measure","author":"Swanson, H.L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197273"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.4.986"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.89.1.128"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948501801007"},{"key":"atypb47","author":"Swanson, H.L.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.122.3.231"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widaman, K.F. & Little, T.D. (1992). The development of skill in mental arithmetic: An individual differences perspective. In J. I. D. Campbell (Ed.), The nature and origins of mathematical skills (pp. 189-253). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)60888-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221940103400304","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221940103400304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:33:23Z","timestamp":1777617203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221940103400304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221940103400304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221940103400304","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}}}