{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:55:23Z","timestamp":1791154523369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is widely accepted that deficits in phonological awareness skills are related to reading difficulties. Recently, another source of reading difficulty has been identified that involves naming speed, and combined impairments in phonological skills and naming speed will produce more severe reading deficits than single deficits in either of these cognitive skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of grouping children based on the presence or absence of deficits in these skills. We demonstrate that the greater severity of reading impairment found in children with a double deficit could be due in part to a statistical artifact caused by grouping children based on their performance on two correlated continuous variables. This artifact also makes it difficult to establish the relative impact of deficits in naming speed on reading ability independent of deficits in phonological awareness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940203500306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"245-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Relationship of Rapid Automatized Naming and Phonological Awareness in Early Reading Development"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Schatschneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics at the University of Houston,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coleen D.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics at the University of Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara R.","family":"Foorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Academic and Reading Skills at The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Center for Academic and Reading Skills"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026919"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"125","volume":"7","author":"Compton, D.L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Research and Practice"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(76)90075-0"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300406"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300405"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr0302_3"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.90.3.347"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.1.181"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.3.439"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"The relationship between rapid automatized naming and phonological awareness in the prediction of early reading skills","author":"Schatschneider, C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(86)90008-9"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)00645-2"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.86.1.24"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202501002"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Torgesen, J.K. & Burgess, S.R. (1998). Consistency of reading related phonological processes throughout early childhood: Evidence from longitudinal-correlational and instructional studies. In J. L. Metsala & L. C. Ehri (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 161-188). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"TOWRE: Test of word reading efficiency","author":"Torgesen, J.K.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr0102_4"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.85.1.83"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Wolf, M. (1997). A provisional, integrative account of phonological and naming speed deficits in dyslexia: Implications for diagnosis and intervention . In B. Blachman (Ed.), Cognitive and linguistic foundations of reading acquisition: Implications for intervention research (pp. 67-92). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130373"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.3.415"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300409"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300404"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Woodcock-Johnson psycho-educational battery-Revised","author":"Woodcock, R.W.","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221940203500306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221940203500306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:33:49Z","timestamp":1777617229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221940203500306"}},"subtitle":["Implications for the Double-Deficit Hypothesis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221940203500306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221940203500306","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}