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The RD group and the PHI group both demonstrated levels of phonological awareness lower than the control group's, but only the RD group also exhibited deficits in other skills, including verbal short-term memory, morphological awareness, speeded written naming, and reading comprehension. The average reading level of the PHI group was significantly higher than that of the RD group. Three control group members also demonstrated limited phonological awareness without other deficits in a pilot study, performing similarly to the PHI group. The results support other studies suggesting that processes dependent on memory, not solely phonological awareness, may contribute to determining reading achievement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194020350050201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"407-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exploring Hypotheses About Phonological Awareness, Memory, and Reading Achievement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Rochelle E.","family":"Tractenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego School of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202800"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648026"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Brady, S.A. 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